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CLM crops A process based crop
growth model
Yaqiong Lu Terrestrial Sciences Section
CLM Tutorial 2016
Mo#va#onforcropmodeling• Cropyields=>Foodsupply• Biofuelcropyields=>Biofuelsupply• Landatmosphereinterac#ons– Biogeophysical
• Albedo,energyfluxpar##oning– Biogeochemical
• Carbonuptakeandrelease
2
CLM4Temp.cornTemp.cerealsTemp.soybeaneffectsonatm.
Levisetal.(2012)
BasedonAgro-IBIS(Kucharik&Brye,2003)cropcode
3
CLM4
Temp.cornTemp.cereals
CLM4.5
w/op#onstofer#lize&
Temp.soybean irrigateeffectsonatm. Olesonetal.(2013)
Levisetal.(2012)enhancedsoilC
decomposi#onSoyNfixa#on
Levisetal.(2013)Drewniaketal.(2013)
4
CLM4Temp.cornTemp.cereals
CLM4.5
w/op#onstofer#lize&
Temp.soybean irrigateeffectsonatm. Olesonetal.(2013)
Levisetal.(2012) enhancedsoilCdecomposi#on
Levisetal.(2013)
CLM5
Trop.cornTrop.soybeanSugarcaneRiceCo[onWinterwheatGrainCNproductpool
SoyNfixa#on
Drewniaketal.(2013)
5
6
!0=>not_vegetated!1=>needleleaf_evergreen_temperate_tree!2=>needleleaf_evergreen_boreal_tree!3=>needleleaf_deciduous_boreal_tree!4=>broadleaf_evergreen_tropical_tree!5=>broadleaf_evergreen_temperate_tree!6=>broadleaf_deciduous_tropical_tree!7=>broadleaf_deciduous_temperate_tree!8=>broadleaf_deciduous_boreal_tree!9=>broadleaf_evergreen_shrub!10=>broadleaf_deciduous_temperate_shrub!11=>broadleaf_deciduous_boreal_shrub!12=>c3_arc#c_grass!13=>c3_non-arc#c_grass!14=>c4_grass!15=>c3_crop!16=>c3_irrigated!17=>temperate_corn!18=>irrigated_temperate_corn!19=>spring_wheat!20=>irrigated_spring_wheat!21=>winter_wheat!22=>irrigated_winter_wheat!23=>temperate_soybean!24=>irrigated_temperate_soybean!25=>barley!26=>irrigated_barley!27=>winter_barley!28=>irrigated_winter_barley!29=>rye!30=>irrigated_rye
!31=>winter_rye!32=>irrigated_winter_rye!33=>cassava!34=>irrigated_cassava!35=>citrus!36=>irrigated_citrus!37=>cocoa!38=>irrigated_cocoa!39=>coffee!40=>irrigated_coffee!41=>co[on!42=>irrigated_co[on!43=>datepalm!44=>irrigated_datepalm!45=>foddergrass!46=>irrigated_foddergrass!47=>grapes!48=>irrigated_grapes!49=>groundnuts!50=>irrigated_groundnuts!51=>millet!52=>irrigated_millet!53=>oilpalm!54=>irrigated_oilpalm!55=>potatoes!56=>irrigated_potatoes!57=>pulses!58=>irrigated_pulses!59=>rapeseed!60=>irrigated_rapeseed
!61=>rice!62=>irrigated_rice!63=>sorghum!64=>irrigated_sorghum!65=>sugarbeet!66=>irrigated_sugarbeet!67=>sugarcane!68=>irrigated_sugarcane!69=>sunflower!70=>irrigated_sunflower!71=>miscanthus!72=>irrigated_miscanthus!73=>switchgrass!74=>irrigated_switchgrass!75=>tropical_corn!76=>irrigated_tropical_corn!77=>tropical_soybean!78=>irrigated_tropical_soybean
78plantfunc#ontypesifturnedoncropmodelinCLM5
Howwesimulatecropgrowth?
7
Water
Soil
Temperature Photosynthesis
Evapotranspira#on
Nutrientuptake
Carbonalloca#onCO2
Cropphenology
8
planting windows
Month
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecJul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
NHSH
WinterwheatSpringwheatCorn Soybean
Tpcorn Tpsoybean
Co[onRice
Sugarcane
Phase1:Plan#ng- Withinplan#ngwindows:meettemperaturethresholdse.g.,forcorn:minT10>6oCandT10>10oC- S#llallowsplan#ngifnotmeetthethresholdandpastplan#ngwindows
Cropphenology
9
Phase2:Leafemergence:- Basedonheataccumulatedinthetopsoillayerse.g.,forwinterwheatGDDtsoi>3%GDDmat=51odays- Leaf,stem,rootcarbonincreasing
Phase3:Grainfill:- Basedonheataccumulatedsinceleafemergee.g.,forwinterwheatGDDplant>40%GDDmat=680- Leafcarbondecreasing- GraincarbonincreasingPhase4:Harvest:- Exceedthegrowingdegreedaysformaturity- or,exceedthemaximumdaysforcropgrowthe.g.,forwinterwheatGDDplant>GDDmat=1700,ordayssinceplan#ng>330days
Cropcarbonalloca#on
f1=aroot:aleaff3=astem:aleaff5=agrain:aleaf
Phase2:
Phase3:
10
CropCarbonalloca#on
11
Leafcarbon=>leafareaindex,canopyheightGraincarbon=>yield
Addingcropspecificprocesses
12
Ø Vernaliza#onprocesswintercropsmustexposetolow,nonfreezingtemperatures(op#mumtemperature=4.9oC)toenterthereproduc#vestageAgeneralizedvernaliza#onfunc#onforwinterwheat(Strecketal.,2003),effec#vevernaliza#ondaysandvernaliza#onfactorVernaliza#onbeginakergermina#onandendbeforeflowering
Ø ColdtoleranceanddamageSurvivalrateandwinterkillingdegreedays
Addi#onalprocessesforwinterwheat:
Irriga#on%ofcropsequippedforirriga#on(Portmannetal.2010)
13
Nitrogenfer#liza#on
14
corn
sprin
g w
heat
win
ter w
heat
soybean
rice
sugarcane
cotton
tropi
cal c
orn
tropi
cal s
oybe
an
N fe
rtiliz
atio
n (g
N/m
2)
010
2030
4050
20dayswindowsforNfer#liza#onsinceleafemerge
RunCLMcropandcoding
15
CLMcropmodelrunwithBGC,needspinupUsecropcompset:ICRUCLM50BGCCROP
./create_newcase-compsetICRUCLM50BGCCROP-machyellowstone-resf19_g16-case~/test_f19_g16_ICRUCLM50BGCCROP
Globalsimula#on:
Singlepoint/regionalsimula#on:
./create_newcase-compsetICRUCLM50BGCCROP-machyellowstone-resCLM_USRDAT-casetest_usrdat_ICRUCLM50BGCCROPCode:• Definecropvariables:src/biogeochem/CropType.F90• Phenologyandgrowthprocesses:src/biogeochem/CNPhenologyMod.F90Subrou#ne:CropPhenology,CropPhenologyInit,vernaliza#on,coldtolerance• Carbonalloca#on:src/biogeochem/NutrientCompe##onFlexibleCNMod.F90subrou#necalc_plant_nitrogen_demand
AgMIP-wheatproject(post-CLM4.5)
16
Ø Ac#vi#es:sitesimula#onsacross34nitrogen,irriga#on,andCO2treatmentsatFACE-Maricopaspringwheatsiteandfiveotherwinterwheatsites.
Ø 17cropmodelsinter-comparisonØ Goal:understandingwhetherCLMwheatappropriatelyresponseto
differentlevelsofnitrogenfer#liza#on,irriga#on,CO2.
Site La#tude Longitude Eleva#on(m)
Temperature(oC)
Year CO2 (ppm)
TXLU 33.63 -101.83 1090 8.2 1984-1986 346 KSMA 39.09 -96.37 122 11.7 1984-1986 346 NESA 41.37 -100.49 975 11.5 1984-1986 346 NDMA 46.46 -100.55 588 14.2 1984-1986 346 ABLE 49.42 -112.5 920 12.2 1984-1986 346 Maricopa-MARA
33.0628 -111.9826 361 11.1 1993-1994 370
Maricopa-MARB
33.0628 -111.9826 361 11.1 1996-1997 370+1.2TMIN
Maricopa-MARC
33.0628 -111.9826 361 11.1 1993-1997 550+1.2TMIN
TXLU
KSMA
NESA
NDMAABLE
FACE-Maricopa
17
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916 7 9 31 33 55 57 103
105
127
129
151
153
175
177
199
201
223
225
# treatment
N fe
rtiliz
atio
n (g
N/m
2)
010
2030
40
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916 9 33 57 105
129
153
177
201
225
# treatment
irrig
atio
n (m
m)
0200400600800
18
Calibra#ons• Minimumplan#ngdate:April1→December5• Maximumplan#ngdate:June15→December25• Growingdegreedaysformaturity(GDDm):1700→2000• Leafemerge:5%GDDm→13%GDDm• Grainfill:60%GDDm→50%GDDm• Leaflongevity:1year→1month• Adjustedleafandgrainalloca#oncoefficient
909
01
23
45
67
342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131
LAI (m2m2 )
DOY
modelobs
909
01
23
45
67
342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131
LAI (m2m2 )
DOY
model_calibrationmodelobs
19
905_9060
12
34
56
7
336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
LAI (m2m2 )
DOY
905_obs905_model906_obs906_model
905_906
02000
6000
10000
336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
Gra
in w
eigh
t (kg
/ha)
DOY
905_906 modified smp params
01
23
45
67
336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
LAI (m2m2 )
DOY
905_906 modified smp params
02000
6000
10000
336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
Gra
in w
eigh
t (kg
/ha)
DOY
Irriga#oneffectstop layer soil moisture
0.20
0.30
0.40
336 360 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
Soi
l moi
stur
e (m
3/m
3)
DOY
905_model906_model
CO2effects
20
901_903
01
23
45
67
337 361 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
LAI (m2m2 )
DOY
901_obs901_model903_obs903_model
901_903
02000
6000
10000
337 361 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
Gra
in w
eigh
t (kg
/ha)
DOY
902_904
01
23
45
67
337 361 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
LAI (m2m2 )
DOY
902_obs902_model904_obs904_model
902_904
02000
6000
10000
337 361 20 39 57 76 95 119 144
Gra
in w
eigh
t (kg
/ha)
DOY
901:370ppm903:550ppm
Nfer#liza#oneffects
21
909 vs 910
05
1015
20N
ferti
lizat
ion
(gN
/m2)
909_obs909_CLM910_obs910_CLM
01
23
45
67
LAI (m2m2 )
02000
6000
10000
342 358 4 15 26 37 48 59 70 81 92 103 120 137
Gra
in w
eigh
t (kg
/ha)
DOY
CLMhasnoresponsetodifferentlevelsofNfer#liza#onbecausethelowerlevelofNfer#liza#onissufficientforcropgrowthinCLM
soil mineral nitrogen
05
1015
2025
30
342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131
Soi
l min
eral
nitr
ogen
(gN
/m2)
DOY
909_model910_model
22
01
23
45
67
342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131
LAI (m2m2 )
DOY
909_CLM909_CLM_nofert
DOY
Soi
l min
tera
l Nitr
ogen
(gN
/m2)
05
1015
2025
30
342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131
DOY
Gra
in c
arbo
n (g
C/m
2)
020
4060
80100
120
140
342 364 21 37 54 70 87 109 131
HowaboutifnotapplyNfer#liza#oninCLM?
TODOlist
• ValidateCLM5cropresponsetoelevatedCO2,Nfer#liza#on,irriga#on.
• Developmorecropspecificgrowthprocesses(responsetodrought,flood,extremeevents)
• Developtheuserfriendlycalibra#onprocedures
• Developthegriddedcropparameters• Addingmorecrops(limitedbyobserva#ons)
23
Ques#ons?
24
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