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Climate Resilience Workshop,
AACC, Nairobi-Kenya
Doyi Mazenzele, Climate Change and Development Project-Tanzania, June 23rd, 2010
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
IUCN at a glance
• Oldest and largest global environmental network (since
1948)
• Members: more than 1,000 government and NGO
member organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer
scientists in more than 160 countries.
• Vision: a just world that values and conserves nature.
• Mission: to influence, encourage and assist societies
throughout the world to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural
resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable.
• IUCN solutions: knowledge, action, influence and
empowerment
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Climate Change and Development Project (CCDP)• Regional Project: Tanzania, Mozambique and Zambia
• Challenge: lack of climate change awareness and understanding and a low capacity to assess and address vulnerability that hinders the inclusion of climate change adaptation in decision making, project development and national policies.
• Project Purpose: Ensure climate change (CC) related policies and strategies lead to adaptation activities that emphasize the role of forests and water resources in supporting people’s livelihoods and associated farming systems
• Overall project objective: Reduced vulnerability and enhanced adaptive capacity to climate variability and change at local and national levels
• The key strategy: To influence CCA policies through evidence-
based awareness raising and advocacy work.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
CCDP
• Financier: Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Time frame: 2008-11 ( with a one year no cost
extension)
• Regional budget:
• Partners: projects and government (district
councils
• Beneficiaries: communities (where pilot CCA
are being implemented) and partners ( capacity
building measures)
• Project sites: 4 ( Rufiji-2 and Arusha-2)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
CCDP Result Areas
• Result 1: CC related legal regulatory framework identified, supported with reliable data and tools and influenced in order to provide enabling governance environment for adaptation (policy support)
• Result 2: Key stakeholders’ capacity for undertaking vulnerability assessments and implementing adaptation activities improved (capacity building)
• Result 3: Technical support provided for implementing adaptation activities following the ecosystem approach at selected local communities (implementation of adaptation measures)
• Result 4: Awareness of CC and efficient adaptation measures raised for enforcement of policy-practice linkages ( awareness creation)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Result 1: Policy support
• CCDP commissioned background studies to provide a baseline for CCA policy influencing:
– Climate data compilation and site specific evidence
– Capacity (building) needs assessment for CC stakeholders at local, district, regional and national level to undertake VA and implement CCA
– Governance, policy formulation processes and climate change related institutional and coordination in Tanzania
– Gender mainstreaming strategy for the implementation of CCDP in Tanzania
• The studies (with the exception of gender strategy) were presented at a CC national stakeholders workshop early this year. Recommendations were provided on how best to mainstream CC issues at different levels.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Result 2: Capacity building
• CCDP trained over 60 stakeholders (partners
and district council staffs) on vulnerability
assessment using CRiSTAL, CVCA and
CEDRA. Over 15 district council staffs will be
trained in the next weeks.
• Training in the final stages on conservation
farming, irrigation farming, local poultry
keeping (with market linkages) and watershed
management.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Result 3: Implementation of Adaptation
measures
• Climate change adaptations (CCA)
– Broad: Initiatives and measures to reduce the
vulnerability of natural and human systems against
actual or expected climate change effects (UNFCC)
– More restrictive CCDP definition adopted after the
MTR: “any activity that would not be undertaken if
there was no climate change”.
• To qualify for the above definition, CCA were
revised using the screening criteria.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
CCA Screening Criteria
1. Clear element of the activity responding to a
specific climate change hazard in the area
2. Ecosystem approach is clearly embedded in
activity (at least 5/12 principles)
3. Implementation feasibility( partnerships,
resources, technology, etc)
4. Opportunities for new lessons learning for
improving practices, enhancing adaptation
and/or influencing policy
5. Sustainability in relation to the exit strategy
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
CCA Screening Criteria
6. Emphasis on improved resilience (or at least
do no harm) of most vulnerable groups,
including consideration of gender
7. Appropriate technology
8. The impacts of the activities will positively
contribute to, or at least do no harm to,
ecological, financial, social assets
9. Measurability of results
10. Activities will add value to ongoing
processes in the project area
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Adaptation activities allocationS/n Activity category Tz Moz Zam
1 Conservation farming and beekeeping
2 Rain water harvesting
3 Irrigation farming
4 Flood control gates
5 Watershed management
6 NTFPs processing and storage
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Adaptation activities allocation
S/n Activity category Tz Moz Zamb
8 Mangrove restoration
9 Tree nurseries
10 Health and Sanitation
10 Local poultry keeping
11 Energy saving stoves
12 Water management training
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Successes on CCA
• Meru District council already mainstreaming
CCA into development plans and programmes
through budget cycles.
• The district has set some funds to support
CCDP work in their areas (24MTSh)
• This is a good entry point for sustainability (exit
strategy) and scaling up
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Result 4: Awareness creation
• CCDP has shared findings of background
studies, VA reports, workshop report,
newsletter and livelihoods-climate posters
• CC awareness public broadcast
• On the pipe: Swahili version of the NAPA
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
How CCDP links CCA, DRR and development
issues
• CCDP used CRiSTAL to come up with adaptation
measures.
• CRiSTAL provides a systematic, simple and flexible
framework for understanding and analyzing the links
between climate risks, vulnerabilities and adaptive
capacities, livelihoods, and development projects
• CRiSTAL
– Livelihoods approach : Climate risks are linked to the lives and
development prospects of the concerned communities.
– Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation:
Current vulnerabilities and risks as indicated by the target
community and long term climate projections are taken into
account.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
CRiSTAL Structure4 Framing Questions; 2 Modules
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Climate Smart Approach
• Tabling exposure to CC
extremes:
• Enhancing adaptive
capacity
• Addressing poverty,
vulnerability and their
causes
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Tabling exposure to CC extremes:
CCDP has done the following
• Commissioned a study on collection and compilation of climate change data and site specific evidence for climate change Kikuletwa and lower Rufiji
• Undertaken Vulnerability assessments – Preparation of rainfall and temperature calendars
– Livelihood resource and hazard mapping
– Identification of climate hazards and the associated impacts
– Preparation and dissemination of vulnerability assessment reports and posters to stakeholders
• Running public awareness broadcast through National TV/Radio
• Promoting IGAs to increase household income and food security
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Enhancing adaptive capacity
• CCDP is supporting capacity building measures to
stakeholders to undertake vulnerability assessment and
identification of CCA
• Supporting implementation of adaptation measures
– Technical trainings (conservation farming, irrigation farming,
local poultry keeping, watershed management)
– Material support: seeds (early maturing and drought tolerant),
plans already for technology support (treadle pumps, borehole-
water for irrigation and domestic use), local chicken, feeds and
vaccines
• Conserving the Ecosystem: Embedding at least 5/12
Principles of the Ecosystem Approach
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Addressing poverty, vulnerability and their causes
• CCDP is supporting the implementation of
CCA aimed to increase household income and
food security leading to improved resilience/
adaptive capacity against CC
• Composition of project beneficiaries (contact
groups) reflect gender balance (to a minimum
50% women)
• CCDP to undertake value-chain analysis and
also to facilitate linkage to markets for products
from Income Generating Activities
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Challenges to implementation of CCA, DRR
and livelihoods
• Wider knowledge gaps amongst stakeholders
and beneficiaries on CCA
• Priorities by planners and decision makers
• Limited resources (time, funds and technology)
• Socio-cultural acceptance / perceptions ( “the
God factor”, project seeds planted on marginal
lands)
• Partnerships ( trust and transparency,
expectations and motivation, representation
and commitment)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
• We are still learning, but early reflections include…
– Implementing CCA, DRR and IGAs need time and resources
– Difficult to identify climate change impacts as distinct from
other environmental trends
– The identification and implementation of CCA and DRR need
the integration of local knowledge and technical climate
science
– Need more voice from community to address the climate
change and disaster management issues (Policy / strategy)
Lessons learned
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Recommendations
• Projects/partners need to determine the most tangible CCA, IGAs and DRR with high impact in regard to the future climate change scenarios
• All CCA, DRR and livelihoods need to integrate natural resources management aspects and gender considerations and should be ecosystem-based adaptation.
• Broader involvement of stakeholders in the implementation process is very crucial to the sustainability of the adaptation activities.
• Some activities like tree planting construction of cattle troughs need preinvestment and/or intensive investment in terms of time, funding and technical studies.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Recommendations
• CCA and DRR should build on current coping
strategies and local knowledge and should therefore
concentrate on strengthening adaptive capacity of
social and ecological systems.
• CCA should focus on current climate variability as the
basis for adapting to future climate change.
• There is a need to demonstrate with evidence ways in
which the implemented CCA and DRR measures can
inform policy and institutional frameworks while
delivering benefits to Communities
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
THANK YOU. AHSANTE SANA
WE HAVE TAKEN A GIANT STEP. THERE ARE MANY MILES
AHEAD. LETS TALK THE TALK AND WALK THE WALK
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