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Sidn
ey In
nere
bner
, PhD
, PE,
E,
CW
PIn
digo
Wat
er G
roup
No
Aud
io?
Che
ck Y
our S
peak
ers.
Disc
laim
ers
2
Man
y of
the
imag
es a
nd v
ideo
s tha
t we
use
in o
ur tr
aini
ng
mat
eria
ls w
ere
colle
cted
from
the
inte
rnet
ove
r the
span
of m
any
year
s. W
e ha
ve m
ade
ever
y ef
fort
to re
fere
nce
the
orig
inal
so
urce
. W
hen
poss
ible
, we’
ve c
onta
cted
web
mas
ters
for
perm
issi
on to
use
thes
e m
ater
ials
. If
you
are
the
owne
r of a
n im
age
or v
ideo
and
don
’t w
ant u
s to
use
it, p
leas
e le
t us k
now
and
w
e’ll
rem
ove
it fr
om o
ur tr
aini
ng m
ater
ials
imm
edia
tely
.
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up, L
LC h
as m
ade
atte
mpt
s to
veri
fy th
e in
form
atio
n pr
ovid
ed in
this
web
-bas
ed tr
aini
ng a
gain
st re
spec
ted
refe
renc
e m
ater
ials
incl
udin
g M
anua
l of P
ract
ice
11 by
Wat
er
Envi
ronm
ent F
eder
atio
n an
d th
e Sa
cram
ento
Man
uals
. N
eith
er th
e A
utho
r nor
the
Publ
ishe
r, In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
, ass
umes
any
re
spon
sibi
lity
for e
rror
s, o
mis
sion
s, o
r con
trar
y in
terp
reta
tion
of t
he
subj
ect m
atte
r her
ein.
A m
inim
um p
assi
ng s
core
of 7
0% is
now
requ
ired
for
each
qui
z in
our
on-
line
trai
ning
cla
sses
.
You
mus
t pas
s eac
h qu
iz to
rece
ive
a tr
aini
ng u
nit
cert
ifica
te.
If y
ou d
on’t
pass
a q
uiz,
the
clas
s will
retu
rn to
the
slid
e fo
llow
ing
the
prev
ious
qui
z. Y
ou’ll
be
able
to m
ove
free
ly
thro
ugh
the
slid
es to
vie
w m
ater
ial y
ou m
ight
hav
e m
isse
d be
fore
reta
king
the
quiz
.
Out
line
&N
otes
Clic
k on
eac
h of
the
tabs
alo
ng th
e to
p ba
r to
acce
ss le
arni
ng re
sour
ces.
Reso
urce
s inc
lud
e th
e co
urse
han
dou
t an
d u
sefu
l link
s.
Spea
ker
Info
.M
arke
rTo
ols
Reso
urce
s
Cal
l 303
-489
-922
6 fo
r tec
hnic
al a
ssist
ance
with
this
cour
se.
5
Wha
t typ
e of
dig
esti
on d
oes y
our f
acili
ty u
se?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
Qui
z Rev
iew
6
Solid
s Han
dlin
gPr
oces
ses
Thic
keni
nggG
ravi
ty T
hick
ener
yRo
tary
Dru
m T
hick
ener
yD
isso
lved
Air
Floa
tati
on T
hick
ener
Dig
estio
ng So
lids H
andl
ing
Lago
ons
Aer
obic
Ana
erob
icD
ewat
erin
ggC
ondi
tion
ingg
Filte
r Pre
ssBe
lt Fi
lter P
ress
Cen
trifu
ge
7
Purp
ose
Redu
ce p
atho
gens
in sl
udge
pg
Con
vert
slu
dge
to
go o
bios
olid
sg
Redu
ces
mas
s for
ulti
mat
e di
spos
alp
May
gen
erat
e on
e or
mor
e be
nefic
ially
reus
able
M
ay g
ener
aM pr
oduc
tsp
Soil
amen
dmen
t / fe
rtili
zer
Elec
tric
ityy
Phos
phor
usp
WRR
F p
F F–p –
Wat
er R
esou
rce
Reco
very
Fac
iliti
es
8
Dige
stio
n Pr
oces
ses
Solid
s Han
dlin
g La
goon
sg
gA
erob
ic D
iges
tion
gA
naer
obic
Dig
esti
on
Bact
eria
bre
ak d
own
in n En
doge
nous
Res
pira
tion
gp
End
prod
ucts
of d
iges
tion
are
car
bon
diox
ide,
e,
e
wat
ererrrrrrrer,
End
prod
ucts
of d
iges
tion
are
car
boE an
d bi
ts th
at d
on’t
degr
ade
easi
ly
C4H
7O2N
P CO
2+
H2O
+ N
H3
+ P
or M
etha
ne +
CO
2+
H2O
+ N
H3
+ P
Clas
s “B”
With
Res
pect
to
Path
ogen
s7
sam
ples
es
-Geo
met
ric
Mea
n <2
,000
,000
0M
PNN/g
or
77 sa
mp
77 CFU
plees
-et
ric
Mea
n <2
,000
,000
Geo
me
GG0
amp
Upppp * (b
ased
on
seve
n sa
mpl
es p
er e
vent
) PNN
/M
PM t)O
RC
FUU((b
aassed
on
seve
nse
dse
d
Use
1 of
5 A
ppro
ved
pp
n sa
mpl
es p
er e
vennt
)t) O
RROO
ven
dPr
oces
s to
Sig
nific
antly
Red
uce
Use
1 of
5
Usee
1of5
Ap
e1o
UU5
Path
ogen
sAAp
ns(
pro
prov
edpppp
Ap
Ap
s(pp PS
RPd d
roce
ss to
roce
ssto
PrProv
edov
edddRP
) met
hods
:g
atho
gennss
((SRPSP
RPm
e)) m
Aer
obic
Dig
esti
onth
ods:
met
me nn: 4
0 da
ys @
20 0
° °C n
o le
ss th
an 6
0 da
ys
Ae
Ae
AA @15
robi
rrob
5°
ic
iiccbibiro
bro
b5
°C
@@15555
C
C
Air
Dry
ing
ng:
3 m
onth
s wit
h tw
o m
onth
s abo
ve 0
0°°C
A
ir D
ryin
An
g3
mon
ths w
: A
naer
obic
Dig
esti
onw
ith
two
mon
ths
wnn:
15
days
@ 3
5ont
3535-th
ont
55-55
hsab
hs a
h 5555°
bove
00
C
Cabs a 5 5
°C n
o le
ss th
an
Ana
erob
ic
Ana
erob
iicAA 60
day
s at 2
0 Dig
eDDD 0
°es
tes
tgege
Dig
Dig
D°C
y
60 d
ays a
t 200
Com
post
ing
C
0CC
ngg:
Min
imum
40 0
°°C fo
r 5 d
ays w
ith
min
4
Com
post
Com
post
CCp
hour
s at 5
5 innngg:
inin 5°
MMMggg:::nnnng
ng
nggg °°g C
55
hour
s at5
555 CC
Lim
e St
abil
izat
ionon
: A
dd li
me
to ra
ise
pH to
12 a
fter
two
Lim
e St
abil
izat
ioLi
me
Stabb
iliz
atil
iizil
iLL ho
urs o
f con
tact
hour
s ofc
onta
ctO
ther
as a
ppro
ved
by E
PA R
egio
n 8
Clas
s “A”
With
Res
pect
to
Path
ogen
sFe
cal <
1000
0M
PNN/g
or S
alm
onel
la as.
pp.p. <
3 3 M
PNN/4
g (b
ased
Fe
cal <
1000
Feca
l<10
00FF
0 0M
PNM
PNMM
NNg
or S
alm
ong
o/g/g
on s
even
sam
ples
per
eve
nt)
nella
sm
ont)
t)
AN
Dp
pU
se o
ne o
f 5 a
ppro
ved
met
hods
to o oFu
rthe
r Red
uce
Use
one
of 5
U Path
ogen
s5
of 5
nsns:
gTi
me/
tem
p de
pend
ing
on so
lids c
onte
ntp
pg
pH/t
ime
then
dry
to a
t lea
st 5
0% so
lids
py
5p Te
stin
g fo
r ent
eric
vir
uses
/via
ble e e
helm
inthh
ova
gTe
stin
g gPF
RPgg
RPRP: c
ompo
stin
g, h
eat d
ryin
g, h
eat t
reat
men
t, TA
D, b
eta
ray
PFRRP
com
post
ing,
hea
t dry
ing,
hea
t tre
atm
ent,
TAD
, bet
a ra
y: c
irra
diat
ion,
gam
ma
ray
irra
diat
ion,
pas
teur
izat
ion,
oth
er a
s ir
radi
atio
n, g
amm
a ra
y ir
rad
appr
oved
by
EPA
Reg
ion
8
Vect
or A
ttrac
tion
Redu
ctio
n (V
AR)
38%
VSR
33 Ana
erob
ic cc--b
ench
sca
le te
st (4
0 da
ys)
Aer
obic
c c-
4y
-be
nch
scal
e te
st (3
0 da
ys)
Aer
obic
cc-
3y
-SO
UR
=<
1.5m
g O
2/hr
@ 2
0 0°
0 °C
Aer
obic
c cc-
5-1
4+ d
ays
@ >
40 gg
00°g °C
(((C
C
avggg
>45
@55
°5 5
°C)
4y
44
gg455
pH >
12+
for 2
hr t
hen
11.5+
for 2
2hr
p5
p Dry
to 7
5% w
hen
stab
ilize
d so
lids u
sed
(dig
este
d)y
75D
ry to
90%
whe
n n nun
stab
ilize
dg
ddso
lids u
sed
(und
iges
ted)
y9
Sub.
inje
ctio
n (n
o si
gnifi
cant
aft
er 1h
r)j
gSu
rfac
e ap
plic
atio
n w
/inc
orpo
rati
on (w
/in
6hrs
)
Col
orad
o R
egul
atio
n Se
ctio
n64
.12(
C)
12
Vola
tile
Solid
s Red
uctio
n%
VSS
Red
ucti
on =
( In
–O
ut)
In –
(In*
Out
)*
100
100
lb T
otal
Sol
ids
80%
Vol
atile
20 lb
s in
ert s
olid
s40
lbs v
olat
ile s
olid
s67
% V
olat
ile
% V
SS re
duct
ion
= 50
%%
TS
redu
ctio
n =
40%
If M
LSS
is 82
% v
olat
ile a
nd so
lids
leav
ing
the
dige
ster
are
67%
vo
latil
e, fi
nd th
e %
VSS
redu
ctio
n.%
VSS
Red
ucti
on =
( In
–O
ut)
In –
(In*
Out
)*
100
% V
SS R
educ
tion
=
(
0.8
2 –
0.67
)0.
82 –
(0.8
2*0.
67)
* 10
0
% V
SS R
educ
tion
=
5
5.4%
14
15
Why
can
’t w
e ju
st u
se th
e si
mpl
e pe
rcen
t rem
oval
form
ula
to c
alcu
late
VS
redu
ctio
n?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
16
Qui
z Re
view
Solid
s Lag
oons
Sim
ple
pLo
w C
ost
Long
Det
enti
on T
imes
Lo
ng D
eten
L Requ
ired
qLa
nd In
tens
ive
Odo
r Gen
erat
ion
Imag
e by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Facu
ltativ
e So
lids L
agoo
ns
Aer
obic
Slud
ge
8-15
ft.
Soli
dsTo
Hea
dwor
ks
Surf
ace
Aer
ator
Solid
s La
goon
Tota
l Det
entio
n Ti
me:
400
-600
Day
s
18G
raph
ic b
y In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
Aero
bic D
iges
tion
Real
ly e
xten
ded
aera
tion
act
ivat
ed sl
udge
yA
erat
ed a
t lea
st p
art o
f the
tim
ep
Proc
ess c
onsu
mes
1.5 5 5
––2.
0 lb
s oxy
gen
per l
b W
AS
55A
dd a
n ad
ditio
nal 1
.6 5 6 6–
ygp
–1.9
lbs o
xyge
n pe
r lb
prim
ary
slud
ge9
ygRe
lies o
n en
doge
nous
resp
irat
ion
gBe
st s
uite
d to
WA
SM
ix o
f pri
mar
y sl
udge
and
WA
S in
crea
ses t
ime
requ
ired
M
ix o
f pri
mar
yM fo
r dig
esti
on
19
Desig
n Cr
iteria
for A
erob
ic Di
gest
ion
Proc
ess
Para
met
erVa
lue
SRT
at 2
0 de
gree
s C40
SRT
at 15
deg
rees
C60
Vola
tile
Solid
s Loa
ding
,lb/
ft3 *
day
0.1 –
0.3
Dis
solv
ed O
xyge
nRe
sidu
al, m
g/L
1 –2
Redu
ctio
n of
VSS
38 -
50
20
21Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Adva
ntag
es o
f Aer
obic
Dige
stio
nLo
wer
Init
ial C
ost
App
ropr
iate
for S
mal
ler P
lant
spp
pSi
mpl
e to
Ope
rate
pp
Low
Odo
r Gen
erat
ion
if D
esig
ned
Prop
erly
Redu
ces
Solid
s Mas
sBe
tter
Sup
erna
tant
than
Ana
erob
ic D
iges
tion
22
Disa
dvan
tage
s of A
erob
ic Di
gest
ion
Hig
her E
nerg
y C
osts
ggy
Low
er V
S D
estr
ucti
on n nvssvs
Ana
erob
icMayyy
Expe
rien
ce F
oam
ing
yyp
gC
old
Tem
pera
ture
s Affe
ct P
erfo
rman
cep
Diff
icul
t to
Dew
ater
Redu
ces p
H a
nd A
lkal
init
y
Recy
cles
fila
men
ts b
ack
to A
ctiv
ated
Slu
dge
proc
ess 23
Phot
ogra
ph b
y In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
Aero
bic D
iges
tion
Proc
ess
Cont
rol I
ssue
sM
ay re
quir
e re
gula
r dec
anti
ng t
oy
qg
Thic
ken
solid
s fo
r hau
lingg
Mai
ntai
n sp
ace
avai
labl
e fo
r new
sol
ids
pRe
cycl
e hi
gh n
itra
tey
gRe
cycl
e fil
amen
ts
24Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
Ton
i Gly
mph
Aero
bic D
iges
tion
Proc
ess
Cont
rol S
olut
ions
On/
Off
aer
atio
n fo
r pH
con
trol
pO
n/O
ff a
erat
ion
for N
O3
cont
rol
3Li
me
addi
tion
for p
H c
ontr
ol
25
Aero
bic D
iges
tion
Ope
ratio
nal D
ata
Com
bine
d Sl
udge
Age
VS
Redu
ctio
nSO
UR
Tem
pera
ture
pA
lkal
init
ypH
26
27
Wha
t ope
rati
onal
str
ateg
y ca
n be
use
d to
kee
p pH
in th
e ri
ght r
ange
for a
n ae
robi
c di
gest
er?
Can
a d
iges
ter c
onti
nue
to w
ork
belo
w 15
deg
rees
Cel
sius
?
Whi
ch c
lass
of b
ioso
lidsc
an b
e m
ade
avai
labl
e fo
r pub
lic ta
keaw
ay?
Wha
t is t
he m
inim
um p
erce
ntag
e vo
lati
le so
lids r
educ
tion
requ
ired
to m
eet t
he
503
regu
lato
ry re
quir
emen
t?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
28
Qui
z Re
view
Goi
ng W
itho
ut O
xyge
n
30
Pers
pect
ive…
.Ro
ughl
y 16
,500
WRR
Fs in
Uni
ted
Stat
esg
y5
Serv
e ab
out 7
2 pe
rcen
t of p
opul
atio
n
So…
….
Few
er th
an 4
% o
f tre
atm
ent
So…
….
Few
er th
an 4
% o
f tre
atm
S plan
ts h
ave
anae
robi
c di
gest
ers
32
Only
106 o
f th
ese
utilize
th
eir digester gas t
o cogene
rate
electricity
an
d/or t
herm
al e
nergy.
Anae
robi
c Dig
este
rs in
Col
orad
oD
enve
r Met
ro W
aste
wat
er R
ecla
mat
ion
Dis
tric
tLi
ttle
ton/
Engl
ewoo
d W
WTP
gC
ity
of P
uebl
o W
WTP
yC
ity
of G
rand
Junc
tion
, n,
nPe
rsig
ooW
WTP
yJ
gC
ity
and
Cou
nty
of B
room
field
WW
TPy
yC
ity
of D
uran
goy
gC
ity
of B
rush
yC
ity
of G
reel
eyy
Mor
e???
?33
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
nA
bsen
ce o
f Oxy
gen
and
Abs
ence
A N
itra
teFe
rmen
tati
on p
roce
ssp
Dep
ends
on
two
grou
ps o
f D
epen
ds o
D bact
eria
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s or S
apro
phyt
ic
Aci
d Fo
rmer
A Org
anis
ms
gM
etha
ne F
orm
ers
Gen
eral
lyyno
t cos
t effe
ctiv
e G
ener
ally
G belo
w 5
no
t cn
allyy 5 5m
gdot c
dd-
ost e
ffect
ivcot c -cha
nging
34Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
Dav
e O
erke
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n
Raw
Slu
dge
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s
Org
anic
A
cids
CO2,
H2O
Met
hane
Fo
rmer
sM
etha
neCO
2, H
2O
3536
Type
s of A
naer
obic
Dige
ster
sTy
peTe
mpe
ratu
re
Ran
ge, o F
Soli
d R
eten
tion
Tim
e, d
ays
Psyc
hrop
hilic
Unh
eate
d60
+
Mes
ophi
lic68
–113
(9
5o F)
25 -
30
Ther
mop
hilic
120
-135
5 –
12
37
Anae
robi
cDig
este
r Co
mpo
nent
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ylin
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ubic
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r egggg
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pmen
tg
qp
Supe
rnat
ant T
ubes
pSl
udge
Dra
w O
ff T
ubes
gG
as S
yste
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38
39
Flat
Trus
sD
omed
Floa
ting
Floa
ting
Gas
Hol
ding
Mem
bran
eG
as H
oldi
ng
Fixe
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over
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ting
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er
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urte
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o co
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f Lit
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ngle
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oto
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er G
roup
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Quiz
Click
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uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
Sing
le F
amily
Bio
gas U
nit
Gas
may
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burn
ed
Gas
may
be
burn
ed
G dire
ctly
for h
eati
ngy
gSe
nd to
100%
bio
gas
Send
to 10
0% b
ioga
s S ge
nera
tor f
ollo
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low
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by
d ed -$10
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ack
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onst
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4 to
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ears
4y
Can
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C
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ll ex
cC el
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ank
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46
47
Phot
ogra
ph b
y In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
48Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
49
Surv
ey Q
uest
ions
:
Wha
t is t
hat c
rust
y m
ater
ial o
n th
e co
ncre
te a
nd p
ipes
?
Why
doe
sn’t
the
floo
r of t
he d
iges
ter h
ave
any?
Not
ice
the
whi
te li
ne.
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
50Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
51
Surv
ey Q
uest
ions
:
Why
doe
sn’t
the
floo
r of t
he d
iges
ter h
ave
any?
Not
ice
the
whi
te li
ne.
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
52Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Prec
ipita
te F
orm
atio
nSt
ruvi
tee–––
MgN
H4P
O4
Viv
iani
teeee–
g4
4g
––Fe
(PO
4)2
(4)
Cal
cium
Car
bona
te
4) e e––
CaC
O3
Stuv
iteefo
rmat
ion
can
be c
ontr
olle
dIr
on s
alt a
ddit
ion
to b
ind
PD
ose
iron
at 1
5 to
30
lbs p
er to
n of
dry
D
ose
iron
at 1
5 t
D solid
s to
form
to 3
0 lb
s p15
tm
m
Viv
iani
tePo
lym
eric
dis
pers
ing
agen
ts in
terf
ere
Poly
mer
ic d
ispe
rsin
g ag
eP w
ith
crys
tal f
orm
atio
n
53Publ
ic d
omai
n im
age
Vivi
anite
–Iro
n ph
osph
ate
54
Tend
s to
stay
in
solu
tion
as s
mal
l, di
sper
sed
crys
tals
.
Iron
als
o bi
nds u
p su
lfide
–od
or c
ontr
ol
and
clea
ner b
ioga
s.
Rob
Lavi
nsky
, iRo
cks.
com
–C
C-B
Y-SA
-3.0
[CC
BY-
SA 3
.0
(htt
p://
crea
tive
com
mon
s.or
g/lic
ense
s/by
-sa/
3.0)
], vi
a W
ikim
edia
Com
mon
s
Mix
ing
Uti
lizes
ent
ire
dige
ster
vol
ume
gD
istr
ibut
es ra
w s
ludg
e th
roug
hout
tank
gg
Con
tact
s mic
roor
gani
sms w
ith
food
gD
istr
ibut
es in
hibi
tory
byp
rodu
cts
yyp
Ass
ists
wit
h pH
and
alk
alin
ity
cont
rol
pD
istr
ibut
es h
eat
Min
imiz
es s
epar
atio
n of
gri
t and
scu
m
55
Pum
ped
Mix
ing
for S
mal
ler
Dige
ster
s
56
57Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Gas o
r Lan
ce M
ixin
g
58
Oth
er T
ypes
of
Mix
ing
Impe
ller M
ixin
ggp
Bubb
le G
un S
yste
mD
raft
Tub
e
59
Supe
rnat
anta
nd S
ludg
e W
ithdr
awal
Tube
sTh
ree
to fi
ve tu
bes s
et a
t diff
eren
t dep
ths
Mul
tiple
leng
ths
pg
Allo
w o
pera
tor t
o dr
aw s
uper
nata
nt a
nd
Allo
w o
pera
tor t
o dr
aw s
uper
nA sl
udge
from
diff
eren
t dep
ths
gp
Som
e di
gest
ers u
se a
sing
le, a
djus
tabl
e tu
be
Som
e di
gest
ers u
sS fo
r sup
erna
tant
60
61Ph
otog
raph
by
Indi
go W
ater
Gro
up
Prim
ary
and
Seco
ndar
y Di
gest
ers
62
Prim
ary
Seco
ndar
y
63
Why
doe
s the
dig
este
r hav
e to
be
mix
ed?
Wha
t is t
he p
urpo
se o
f the
seco
ndar
y di
gest
er?
Why
wou
ld y
ou a
dd fe
rrou
s chl
orid
e or
ferr
ic c
hlor
ide
to a
dig
este
r?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
64
Qui
z Re
view
Man
agin
g Ce
ntra
te R
etur
nC
entr
ateee
amm
onia
con
cent
rati
ons ~
1500
mg/
L as
NM
ay b
e up
to 2
0 0 0–
5g
–40
per
cent
tota
l am
mon
ia lo
ady
p4
p4
Mus
t be
man
aged
effe
ctiv
ely!
Cen
trat
eeal
so c
onta
ins v
alua
ble
alka
linit
y!
65
Whe
re d
id a
ll th
at a
mm
onia
co
me
from
?
66
C4H
7O2N
P C
H4
+ CO
2+
H2O
+ N
H3
+ P
Lysi
ne
Cent
rate
Man
agem
ent
GO
ALS
:M
aint
ain
stab
le d
iges
ter f
eed
rate
Con
stan
t g
nt
ntce
ntra
teg eefe
ed to
aer
atio
n ba
sins
Rais
e th
e “a
vera
ge” a
mm
onia
load
to b
uild
d dni
trifi
ers
gEn
sure
ade
quat
e al
kalin
ity
qN
itri
ficat
ion
pH B
uffe
ring
67
Nitr
ifier
srsAc
clim
ate
to A
vera
ge Lo
ad
Influent NH3-N, mg/L and ppd
Effluent NH3-N, mg/L and Flow, MGD
Avg.
infl
uent
NH
3 lo
adAv
g. in
flue
nt N
H3
load
68
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A
-Bas
ins
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ng
Tank
GV
T =
Gra
vity
Thi
cken
erD
AFT
= D
isso
lved
Air
Floa
tati
on T
hick
ener
SHT
= So
lids H
oldi
ng T
ank
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
69
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A
-bas
ins
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ngTa
nk
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Con
trol
GV
T by
se
ttin
g fix
ed
pum
p ra
te to
re
mov
e so
lids
GV
T bl
anke
t lev
el w
ill
fluc
tuat
e or
“rid
e” u
p an
d do
wn
duri
ng th
e da
y.70
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A-b
asin
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ng
Tank
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Resu
lts in
co
nsta
nt fe
ed to
di
gest
er +
/-10
%
71
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A-b
asin
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ngTa
nk
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Cen
trat
em
ay b
e pu
shed
out
of
dige
ster
at e
ven
rate
.Ev
en N
H3-
N L
oadi
ng72
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A-b
asin
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ngTa
nk
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Cap
acit
y of
cen
trat
eta
nk is
abo
ut 1.
4 da
ys.
73
MW
RD S
olid
Stre
am O
verv
iew
GV
T
DA
FT
Prim
ary
Slud
ge
Seco
ndar
y Sl
udge
SHT
#1, #
3A
naer
obic
D
iges
ters
SHT
#2, #
3C
entr
ifuge
Bios
olid
s to
Land
A
pplic
atio
n
Cen
trat
eto
A-b
asin
Cen
trat
eH
oldi
ngTa
nk
Dig
este
r Ove
rflo
w to
N
orth
Hea
dwor
ks o
r So
uth
Prim
ary
Cha
nnel
Con
trol
cen
trat
ere
turn
to A
-Bas
ins
by se
ttin
g fix
ed
pum
p ra
te
Cen
trat
e le
vel w
ill fl
uctu
ate
or
“rid
e” u
p an
d do
wn
duri
ng th
e da
y. C
onst
ant f
eed
to C
aRRB
74
Gas S
yste
mD
iges
tion
Pro
cess
Pro
duce
sg 8
to 12
cub
ic fe
et o
f gas
for e
very
lb V
SS A
DD
EDg
y12
to 18
cub
ic fe
et o
f gas
for e
very
lb V
SS D
ESTR
OYE
Dg
Gas
Mix
ture
sho
uld
be65
5 5––
75 p
erce
nt m
etha
ne b
y vo
lum
e 5 30 55 0 00–
75p
y77
–35
per
cent
car
bon
diox
ide
by v
olum
e33
35p
3Tr
ace
gase
s als
o pr
esen
tg
pH
ydro
gen,
nit
roge
n, h
ydro
gen
sulfi
de, e
tc
75
Heat
ing
Valu
e fo
rDig
este
r Gas
500
to 6
00 B
TU p
er c
ubic
foot
pBT
U =
Bri
tish
The
rmal
Uni
t = E
nerg
y BT
U
Bri
tish
Ther
mal
Uni
t B to
rai
se 1
lb o
f wat
er b
y on
e eeo
Et e eo F
Nat
ural
gas
has
a h
eati
ng v
alue
of 9
00
Nat
ural
gas
has
a h
eati
ng v
alu
N to 1,
200
BTU
per
cub
ic fo
ot
Reus
e to
hea
t dig
este
r and
/or
Reus
e to
hea
t dig
este
r and
/or
R build
ings
or “
flar
e” fo
r saf
ety
76
77Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
Lit
tleto
n/En
glew
ood
Dige
ster
Hea
ting
Hea
t req
uire
d to
rais
e te
mpe
ratu
re o
f inc
omin
g sl
udge
qp
gH
eat r
equi
red
to m
ake
up tr
ansm
issi
on lo
sses
Slud
ge H
eati
ng F
orm
ula
gQ
= (S
)(CCC
s
gCCC
s)(TTT
og TTT oT-g TTT oTT--T
iTTTT ii)
Q =
Hea
t req
uire
men
t in
BTU
/hr
Q S =
Solid
s fl
ow ra
te in
lb/h
r/
Cs
= Sp
ecifi
c H
eat o
f Sol
ids
(1 B
TU /
lb *
*o
* o F
)p
(/
T =
Tem
pera
ture
of o
pera
tion
and
init
ial, ,
o))
, ooo F
78
Dige
ster
Hea
ting
Dig
este
r gas
scr
ubbe
dg
gSe
nt to
Boi
ler
Reci
rcul
ateee
dige
stin
g sl
udge
Re
circ
ulat
Re
dige
stin
g sl
udd
thro
ugh
heat
exc
hang
erg
gIn
tern
al o
r ext
erna
l to
tank
Reci
rcul
atio
n pu
mp
keep
s Re
circ
ulat
ion
pum
p ke
eps
R velo
city
at 4
fps t
o m
inim
ize
velo
city
afo
ulin
g
79
Phot
ogra
ph b
y In
digo
Wat
er G
roup
Proc
ess C
ontr
ol fo
r Hea
t Ex
chan
ger
Mon
itor i
nlet
and
out
let t
empe
ratu
res
pRe
duce
d he
at tr
ansf
er (d
rop
in d
elta
)p
Mal
func
tion
of S
olid
s Pu
mpsp
Mal
func
tion
of H
ot W
ater
Pum
pspH
ot w
ater
sup
ply
inte
rrup
tion
ppy
pW
hen
equi
pmen
t che
cks o
ut o
kay,
beg
in lo
okin
g fo
rq
pPl
uggi
nggg
gSt
ruvi
teg eeBu
ildupp
Lim
e Bu
ildup
and
oth
er F
oulin
g80
81
A ty
pica
l con
cent
rati
on o
f am
mon
ia in
ana
erob
ic d
iges
ter s
uper
nata
nt m
ight
be:
This
impo
rtan
t pro
cess
con
trol
par
amet
er sh
ould
be
reco
rded
dai
ly fo
r hea
t ex
chan
gers
.
The
heat
ing
valu
e of
dig
este
r gas
is lo
wer
than
for n
atur
al g
as fo
r tw
o re
ason
s. T
he
first
is th
e pr
esen
ce o
f lar
ge q
uant
itie
s of c
arbo
n di
oxid
e in
add
itio
n to
met
hane
. W
hat i
s the
oth
er?
A p
rope
rly
oper
atin
g an
aero
bic
dige
ster
shou
ld p
rodu
ce a
gas
mix
ture
that
is:
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
82
Qui
z Re
view
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n O
pera
tion
Raw
Slu
dge
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s
Org
anic
A
cids
CO2,
H2O
Met
hane
Fo
rmer
sM
etha
neCO
2, H
2O
83
Anae
robi
c Dig
este
r Ope
ratio
nPu
mp
as th
ick
as s
ludg
e to
dig
este
r as p
ossi
ble
pg
gTh
in s
ludg
e is
< 3
.5%
solid
sg
35
Exce
ss w
ater
cau
ses
Add
itio
nal h
eati
ng c
apac
ity
to m
aint
ain
tem
pera
ture
gp
yRe
duct
ion
in re
tent
ion
tim
esRe
duce
s buf
feri
ng c
apac
ity
by fo
rcin
g ou
t sup
erna
tant
gp
yy
Incr
ease
d de
cant
freq
uenc
y
Slud
ge c
once
ntra
tion
s gre
ater
than
10%
don
’t di
gest
wel
l
84
Anae
robi
c Dig
este
r Ope
ratio
nA
ir en
teri
ng ta
nk c
reat
es e
xplo
sive
gas
mix
ture
gp
Adj
ust s
ludg
e w
ithd
raw
al ra
te to
jg
Mai
ntai
n po
sitiv
e pr
essu
re in
dig
este
rp
pPr
even
t vac
uum
form
atio
n
Mon
itor V
olat
ile A
cid
to A
lkal
init
y Ra
tio
Gen
eral
lyyyle
ss th
an 0
.1yy
Vola
tile
aci
ds le
ss th
an 5
00 m
g/L
5g/
Prob
lem
whe
n ra
tio
gets
to 0
.5g
5pH
sho
uld
be n
ear 7
.0 o
r a li
ttle
hig
her
85
Anae
robi
c Dig
este
r Ope
ratio
nLo
adin
g ra
te o
f 0.15
5 5––
0.35
lb V
SS p
er c
ubic
foot
OR
150 0 0
–g
5535
p–
300
lbs o
f VSS
per
day
per
1,00
0 cu
bic
feet
Prim
ary
and
seco
ndar
y di
gest
ers o
ften
use
dy
yg
Prim
ary
dige
ster
rece
ives
raw
slu
dge
yg
Seco
ndar
y di
gest
ery
gD
iges
ts a
t a sl
ower
rate
gSe
ttle
s dig
este
d sl
udge
gg
Prov
ides
see
d sl
udge
for P
rim
ary
whe
n ne
eded
86
Ope
ratin
g Pa
ram
eter
Che
at S
heet
Para
met
erU
nits
Targ
etTe
mpe
ratu
reD
egre
es F
90 –
100
Vola
tile
Aci
dsm
g/L
50–
330
Alk
alin
ity
Mg/
L as
C
aCO
315
00 –
5000
VA/A
lkRa
tio
none
0.1 –
0.2
pHS.
U.
6.8
–7.
2G
as P
rodu
ctio
ncf
d12
–16
cf/
lb V
S de
stro
yed
87M
onit
or s
ome
para
met
ers
DA
ILY!
Com
mon
Ope
ratio
nal P
robl
ems
Sour
ing
of D
iges
ter
gg
Aci
d fo
rmer
s oututut
-tt-pa
ce m
etha
ne fo
rmer
spp
Neu
tral
ize
with
1 lb
lim
e pe
r 1,0
00 g
allo
ns s
ludg
ep
Jar t
est f
or a
ccur
ate
dosi
ngJJ
Foam
ingg
Oft
en c
ause
d by
ove
r fee
ding
yg
Met
hane
form
ers g
row
rapi
dly
gp
yRe
duce
feed
ing
and
mix
gen
tly to
Redu
ce fe
edi
R rele
ase
gas
88By
And
ré K
arw
ath
aka
Aka
(Ow
n w
ork)
[CC
BY-
SA 2
.5 (h
ttp:
//cr
eati
veco
mm
ons.
org/
licen
ses/
by-s
a/2.
5)],
via
Wik
imed
ia C
omm
ons
Cont
rol S
trat
egy
IMM
EDIA
TELY
sto
p fe
edin
g se
cond
ary
dige
ster
pSt
op o
r red
uce
solid
s fee
dp
Det
erm
ine
the
caus
e of
the
imba
lanc
eC
orre
ct th
e ca
use
Prov
ide
pH c
ontr
ol u
ntil
bala
nce
retu
rns
89
Adva
ntag
es o
f An
aero
bic D
iges
tion
Bett
er V
S Re
duct
ion
than
Aer
obic
Dig
estio
nRe
duce
s Tot
al S
olid
s Mas
sG
ood
Path
ogen
Dea
ctiv
atio
ng
Low
Net
Ene
rgy
Requ
irem
ents
gyq
Dec
reas
es S
ludg
e Vo
lum
eg
Less
Slu
dge
Stor
age
Requ
ired
gg
qLo
wer
Ann
ual O
pera
ting
Cos
tsp
gPo
tent
ial M
etha
ne G
as U
tiliz
atio
n
90
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n Di
sadv
anta
ges
Hig
h In
itia
l Cap
ital
Cos
tsg
pH
igh
Ope
rato
r Att
enti
ong
May
pg yy
Expe
rien
ce F
oam
ing
yyp
Gri
t Rem
oval
Su
pern
atan
t Can
Hav
e Si
gnifi
cant
Supe
rnat
ant C
an H
ave
Sig
S Am
mon
ia R
ecyc
le L
oad
yH
igh
Cle
anin
g C
ost
gSt
ruvi
teg
eePo
tent
ial
91
Proc
ess C
ontr
ol C
alcu
latio
nsVo
lati
le A
cids
to A
lkal
init
y Ra
tio
Volu
me
of a
dig
este
rg
Org
anic
Loa
ding
gg
Poun
ds to
tal s
olid
sPo
unds
tota
l vol
atile
sol
ids
Org
anic
Loa
ding
Rat
e in
n lb
sbsbbb/s//cffcfc
*dg
gSo
lids R
eten
tion
Tim
eLi
me
addi
tion
n n––
1 pou
nd p
er 1,
000
gallo
ns
92
93
Whi
ch o
rgan
ism
s are
typi
cally
mor
e se
nsit
ive
to to
xic
mat
eria
ls o
r cha
nges
in
tem
pera
ture
?
How
hig
h ca
n th
e vo
lati
le a
cids
go
befo
re it
is a
pro
blem
?
From
an
oper
atio
nal p
ersp
ectiv
e, w
hat i
s the
mos
t im
port
ant o
pera
ting
pa
ram
eter
for a
n an
aero
bic
dige
ster
–m
onito
r dai
ly?
If a
dig
este
r beg
ins t
o so
ur, w
hat c
an b
e do
ne to
pre
vent
furt
her
dete
rior
atio
n?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
94
Qui
z Re
view
Case
Stu
dy O
neC
ase
stud
y ta
kes p
lace
ove
r tw
o ti
me
peri
ods
yp
pYO
U w
ill e
valu
ate
the
data
and
sug
gest
act
ions
Begi
n w
ith
data
g Cal
cula
te m
issi
ng V
/A d
ata
gC
alcu
late
org
anic
load
ing
rate
dat
ag
Cha
rt tr
ends
Eval
uate
resu
lts
95
Case
Stu
dy O
ne P
art 1
Dat
eVA
, m
g/L
Alk
alin
ity,
m
g/L
V/A
Rat
ioSl
udge
ad
ded,
gp
d
Tota
l So
lids
, %
Vola
tile
So
lids
, %
pHO
LR,
lbs/
cf/d
9/22
125
2450
0.05
110
,700
5.3
657.
00.
153
9/25
11524
000.
048
10,2
505.
269
6.9
0.15
3
9/29
120
2400
0.05
010
,000
5.9
766.
90.
186
10/2
180
2300
0.07
89,
800
6.6
797.
00.
212
10/5
450
2250
0.20
010
,200
6.3
767.
00.
203
10/7
620
2200
0.28
110
,400
6.2
746.
90.
198
96
•Th
e di
gest
er h
olds
150,
000
gallo
ns•
The
V/A
rati
o is
typi
cally
clo
se to
0.0
5•
Dig
este
r tem
p is
unc
hang
ed a
t 94
o F•
Alk
alin
ity
in s
econ
dary
dig
este
r is a
bit
high
er th
an p
rim
ary
dige
ster
Sour
ce: W
PCF
Was
tew
ater
Tre
atm
ent S
kill
Trai
ning
Pac
kage
, 198
1
Conc
lusio
ns fo
r Par
t 1V
/A in
crea
sed
to 0
.28
beca
use
ofSm
all d
ecre
ase
in a
lkal
init
yyBi
g in
crea
se in
vol
atile
fatt
y ac
ids
gy
The
real
pro
blem
is th
e vo
lati
le c
ompo
nent
of t
he fe
ed
Whe
re is
it c
omin
g fr
om?
gPr
imar
y sl
udge
yg
Seco
ndar
y sl
udge
97
Ope
rato
r Inv
estig
ates
Frui
t can
nery
on
far e
dge
of to
wn
yg
Out
put w
as in
crea
sed
over
last
2 w
eeks
Sour
ce is
the
PRIM
ARY
slu
dge!
98
Cour
se o
f Act
ion?
Wha
t was
/is t
he ro
ot c
ause
?
How
can
we
corr
ect t
he p
robl
em?
99
Ope
rato
r dec
ides
to s
tore
exc
ess s
ludg
e in
a la
goon
an
d de
crea
se o
rgan
ic lo
adin
g ra
te to
the
dige
ster
to
0.15
lbs/
cf/d
. W
hat i
f I d
idn’
t hav
e a
lago
on fo
r st
orag
e?
Case
Stu
dy O
ne P
art 2
Dat
eVA
, m
g/L
Alk
alin
ity,
m
g/L
V/A
Rat
ioSl
udge
ad
ded,
gp
d
Tota
l So
lids
, %
Vola
tile
So
lids
, %
pHO
LR,
lbs/
cf/d
10/2
180
2300
0.07
89,
800
6.6
797.
00.
212
10/5
450
2250
0.20
010
,200
6.3
767.
00.
203
10/7
620
2200
0.28
110
,400
6.2
746.
90.
198
10/9
750
2350
0.32
8,70
05.
968
6.9
0.14
5
10/1
167
024
000.
288,
800
5.7
677.
00.
139
10/1
468
023
500.
2910
,100
5.7
657.
00.
156
10/1
664
024
500.
269,
500
5.5
676.
90.
146
10/1
949
024
500.
209,
400
5.4
666.
90.
139
10/2
128
023
500.
129,
800
5.5
666.
90.
148
10/2
314
023
500.
0610
,300
5.2
687.
00.
151
10/2
812
024
000.
0510
,500
5.5
676.
90.
161
11/9
120
2450
0.05
10,7
005.
466
7.0
0.15
910
0So
urce
: WPC
FW
aste
wat
er T
reat
men
t Ski
ll Tr
aini
ng P
acka
ge, 1
981
Conc
lusio
ns fo
r Par
t 2W
hat d
idn’
t cha
nge?
Feed
rate
pHppW
hat o
ther
cor
rect
ive
acti
ons w
ere
take
n?W
hat e
lse
coul
d ha
ve b
een
done
?
Take
hom
e: I
t is p
ossi
ble
to c
orre
ct o
rgan
ic o
verl
oads
Ta
ke h
ome:
It i
s pos
sibl
e to
cor
rect
org
anic
ove
T wit
hout
dig
este
r fai
lure
or c
hem
ical
add
itio
n.
101
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n O
pera
tion
Raw
Slu
dge
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s
Org
anic
A
cids
CO2,
H2O
Met
hane
Fo
rmer
sM
etha
neCO
2, H
2O
102
Case
Stu
dy T
wo
Part
1D
ate
VA,
mg/
LA
lkal
init
y,
mg/
LV
/A R
atio
Slud
ge
adde
d,
gpd
Tota
l So
lids
, %
Vola
tile
So
lids
, %
pHO
LR,
lbs/
cf/d
3/2
232
2350
9,85
05.
365
6.9
3/3
240
2400
10,10
05.
564
7.0
3/4
243
2370
9,78
05.
466
7.0
3/5
350
2350
10,15
05.
167
6.9
3/6
580
2330
10,2
705.
463
7.0
103
•Th
e di
gest
er h
olds
150,
000
gallo
ns•
The
V/A
rati
o is
typi
cally
clo
se to
0.10
•D
iges
ter t
emp
is u
ncha
nged
at 9
4 o F
•V
/A ra
tio
in se
cond
ary
slud
ge m
easu
red
on 3
/6 w
as 0
.12
Sour
ce: W
PCF
Was
tew
ater
Tre
atm
ent S
kill
Trai
ning
Pac
kage
, 198
1
Case
Stu
dy T
wo
–Pa
rt 1
Num
bers
look
oka
yyVo
lati
le a
cids
sti
ll ri
singg
Wha
teve
r is w
rong
is n
ot a
ffect
ing
seco
ndar
y di
gest
er
Som
ethi
ng in
the
feed
?
Wha
t can
we
chec
k?
104
Anae
robi
c Dig
estio
n O
pera
tion
Raw
Slu
dge
Aci
d Fo
rmer
s
Org
anic
A
cids
CO2,
H2O
Met
hane
Fo
rmer
sM
etha
neCO
2, H
2O
105
Case
Stu
dy T
wo
–Pa
rt 1
Ope
rato
r dec
ides
to:
p Che
ck te
mpe
ratu
re a
nd m
ixin
gp
gRe
cycl
e so
me
slud
ge fr
om th
e se
cond
ary
dige
ster
yg
yg
Cal
cula
te li
me
requ
irem
ent j
ust i
n ca
se it
is n
eede
d
106
Case
Stu
dy T
wo
Part
2D
ate
VA,
mg/
LA
lkal
init
y,
mg/
LV
/A R
atio
Slud
ge
adde
d,
gpd
Tota
l So
lids
, %
Vola
tile
So
lids
, %
pHO
LR,
lbs/
cf/d
3/2
232
2350
0.10
9,85
05.
365
6.9
0.14
1
3/3
240
2400
0.10
10,10
05.
564
7.0
0.14
8
3/4
243
2370
0.10
9,78
05.
466
7.0
0.14
5
3/5
350
2350
0.16
10,15
05.
167
6.9
0.14
4
3/6
580
2330
0.25
10,2
705.
463
7.0
0.14
5
3/7
845
2130
0.40
10,8
605.
365
6.9
0.15
6
3/8
1110
2090
0.53
5,62
05.
564
7.0
0.08
2
3/9
1210
2480
0.49
4,71
05.
964
6.9
0.07
4
3/10
1530
2220
0.69
4,93
05.
767
6.5
0.07
8
3/11
1585
2130
0.74
5,27
05.
667
6.6
0.08
2
3/12
1580
2500
0.63
5,01
05.
567
6.5
0.07
7
3/13
1590
2600
0.61
5,32
05.
366
6.5
0.07
710
7So
urce
: WPC
FW
aste
wat
er T
reat
men
t Ski
ll Tr
aini
ng P
acka
ge, 1
981
Flam
e is
bur
ning
yel
low
inst
ead
of b
lue.
108
Wha
t doe
s it
mea
n th
at th
e fl
ame
wen
t out
?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
Lab
Resu
lts?
Fina
lly, t
he la
b re
sults
are
bac
k fr
om th
e 55th
ySh
ow e
leva
ted
leve
ls o
f chr
omiu
m
Wha
t hap
pene
d?
Wha
t sho
uld
happ
en n
ext?
109
110
Wha
t sho
uld
happ
en n
ext?
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
111
Qui
z Re
view
112
Quiz
Click
the Q
uizbu
tton t
o ed
it th
is ob
ject
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