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Class differences in cities
• Unskilled and uneducated poor and immigrants live in depleted slums
• Skilled workers live above their stores
• Educated middle-class live in comfortable homes
• Wealthy live in mansions in secluded areas
Slums by railroad tracks.
Pictures of Slums, circa 1890’s
Wealthy live in mansions with access to private parks
City sanitation and living problems
• Garbage collection was not a city service
• If you wanted services you paid for the actual cost of a sewer or street
• Wealthy and poor begin to live in specific areas of the city
Ethnic Neighborhoods
• Irish immigrants cluster in ethnic neighborhoods for support
• They build Catholic churches and form social and religious clubs
• Run their own fire and militia companies
The Factory SystemThe Factory System
× Rigid schedule.
× 12-14 hour day.
× Dangerous conditions.
× Mind-numbing monotony.
Young Coal Miners
And you think you have a difficult life?
Child Labor in the MinesChild
“hurriers”
I s doing your homework really that difficult?
1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners
1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners
1880300 million tons
500, 000 miners
1914250 million tons
1, 200, 000 miners
Coal Mining in Britain:
1800-1914Why was there such a great
increase in the demand for coal?
Coal Mining in Britain:
1800-1914Why was there such a great
increase in the demand for coal?
Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Why were children paid so little?
Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Why were children paid so little?Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages
under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.
11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.
17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.
22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.
27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.
32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.
37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.
42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.
47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.
52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.
57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.
Industrial Staffordshire
Industrial Staffordshire
What countries are going through this today?
Problems of PolutionProblems of Polution
The Silent Highwayman - 1858
The New Industrial City
The New Industrial City
Cuyahoga River catches on fire
Worker Housing in Manchester
Worker Housing in Manchester
Factory Workers at Home
Factory Workers at Home
How many people lived in a typical 2-3 room apartment?
UnionsWorkers join together to try and improve
pay, working conditions, and benefits.
Black listPeople who were caught trying to
organize a union were put on a list and prevented from working in that town.
Marching on a picket line.
“Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915)
“Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915)
When the union's inspiration through the workers‘ blood shall run,There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun;Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one,But the union makes us strong!
CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union makes us strong!
Child LaborChild Labor
Child LaborChild Labor
“Galley Labor”“Galley Labor”
Management vs. Labor
Management vs. Labor
“Tools” of Management
“Tools” of Labor
“scabs”
P. R. campaign
Strike breakers
lockout
blacklisting
yellow-dog contracts
court injunctions
open shop
boycotts
sympathy demonstrations
Picketing informational
closed shops
organized strikes
“wildcat” strikes
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership
Picket lines sometimes became violent.
The longer a strike went the more difficult it was especially for the workers
A Black List was…
• A.) List made by owners of factories of people who were trying to form unions
• B.) List made by workers of factories of people who were trying to form unions
• C.)List of detentions given by the teacher
A Lock out was used by…
• A.) Owners• B.) Workers• C.) Both
A picket line tried to stop what from crossing and going in the factory?
• A.) Materials for factories• B.) SCABS (replacement workers)• C.) Striking workers• A.) All of the above
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