Civil Rights Movement - White Plains Middle School...Civil Rights Movement in 1940s...

Civil Rights Movement

“A Time for Justice”

•Complete the question sheet as you view the film

•Part I

•Part II

•Part III

Civil Rights Movement: 1950s

SWBAT

• Explain the significance of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka AND the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Do Now:

• Why did the struggle for equal rights intensify after WWII?

Civil Rights Movement in 1950s

• Reconstruction WWII = SEGREGATION for African Americans

• Post WWII = African Americans refuse to accept “2nd class citizenship”

Civil Rights Movement in 1940s

• Events:- 1947:

Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier, plays for Brooklyn Dodgers

- 1948: Truman DESEGREGATES armed forces

Civil Rights Movement in 1950s- 1954: Brown v. Board of Education

- see handout- Decision forces schools to desegregate with “all deliberate speed”, overturnsPlessy v. Ferguson- facilities separated by race were declared unequal

Civil Rights Movement in 1950s- 1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott & Rosa

Parks- blacks began to take matters into their own hands- Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man arrested- Citizens of Montgomery, Alabama organized boycott of public transportation lasting over a year

Civil Rights Movement in 1950s

- Results:1. Supreme Court ruled segregation of transportation was illegal2. MLK Jr. emerges as a leader of the movement

Civil Rights Movement in 1950s- 1957: Little Rock 9

- Gov. of Arkansas refused to integrate high school- Eisenhower sent US Army to protect the 9 students & enforce school desegregation

Wrap Up• How did the Governor of Arkansas respond

to the Supreme Court ruling of Brown v. Board of Education?

• How did the Brown decision lead to conflict between federal & state governments?

• Why is the Montgomery Bus Boycott considered a turning point in the CRM?

• By the end of the 1950s, are African Americans receiving the rights they deserve? Why/Why not?

Civil Rights Movement: 1960s

SWBAT• Evaluate success and failure of the

Civil Rights MovementDo Now: • What historical figure preached

passive resistance?

Civil Rights Movement• Major tactic used in

the beginning of the Movement: civil disobedience-nonviolent deliberate breaking of the law to show belief the law is wrong

Civil Rights Movement- A part of civil disobedience is passive resistance- don’t fight back when attacked*MLK believed in both types of nonviolent protest*

Civil Rights Movement

• Read the 2 quotes and answer the questions that follow

Civil Rights Movement• Change in the Movement

1. Blacks become frustrated over continued economic & social inequality2. Nonviolent approach taking too much time

Movement divides: many young blacks reject nonviolence & integration

Civil Rights Movement• Examples of Nonviolent Civil

Disobedience:

- Sit-ins

- Integration- James Meredith (Air Force veteran) tried to enroll at “Ole Miss”

- Freedom Rides

- Protest Marches- Alabama & Washington DC

Freedom Rides

Civil Rights Movement

• Beliefs of Malcolm X:- Pro black nationalism- Rejected integration &

wanted a separate identity & racial unity of blacks

- Advocated violence as self-defense at first…changes right before he is killed

Civil Rights Movement

• Black Power- ideology of blacks taking control of their economic/political lives

• Black Panthers- organization advocated for black power & use of violence to attain goals Riots 1966-1967 in major cities

Civil Rights Movement

• 1968 Kerner Commission- discovered riots were based on anger of living in ghettos & our nation was moving toward 2 separate UNEQUAL societies (1 white & 1 black)

• 1968- MLK assassinated in Memphis, TN riots, anger, frustration in North & South

Civil Rights Legislation• Civil Rights Act of 1957

- 1st civil rights act since Reconstruction- created permanent committee for civil rights - increased federal efforts to ensure blacks the right to vote

Civil Rights Legislation• Civil Rights Act of 1964

- protect voting rights for all Americans- Opening of public facilities to people of all races- A commission to protect equal job opportunities for all Americans (EEOC)

Civil Rights Legislation• Voting Rights Act of 1965

- end to literacy tests- examiners could register voters in areas suspect of denying blacks right to vote- legal action would be taken against states continuing to use poll taxes

Successes & Failures

Successes Failures

Wrap Up• Which feature of the Voting Rights

Act of 1965 do you think is most important? Why?

• Compare and contrast the civil rights movement after 1965 with the earlier phase (1955-1965) in terms of (1) goals, (2) leadership, (3) strategies, and (4) achievements.

Civil Rights Dialogue• It is 1963, and you are a participant at a black civil rights

conference held in Washington DC. The conference has been called to discuss reaction to the bombing of 4 black children in the basement of a church in Alabama and the murder of Medgar Evans, a black NAACP civil rights leader in Mississippi, killed by a sniper outside his home.

• At this conference, there are many different ideas and attitudes from both whites and blacks about how to proceed with the civil rights movement. You overhear a conversation between Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

• Assignment: Write a dialogue between Malcolm X and Dr. MLK Jr. explaining their reactions to these events and how the movement should continue. (use notes and any personal knowledge to help; it must be historically accurate!)

SWBAT• Explain the struggles of other groups

during the Civil Rights Movement

Wrap Up:

• In what ways were your school district facilities & programs changed as a result of State & Federal programs regarding the handicapped & disabled?

Other Minority Groups Struggle for their Rights

Directions: - You will be working in groups to examine another

minority struggling for their rights during the Civil Rights Movement. Once assigned your group, you will create an “infosheet” using your group’s guiding questions as a basis to work from.

- Each group will present their minority’s struggles.- While each group presents, your classmates will

fill in their guiding questions according to the presentation.

SWBAT

• Explain the overall effects of the “Warren Court” on society

• Identify the issue and decision in landmark Supreme Court cases during the “Warren Court”

Earl Warren(use back of chart to place notes on)

• Appointed Chief Justice by Eisenhower

• Made liberal decisions opposed to Eisenhower’s conservative political views

• Landmark cases during his appointment provided more protection for individual rights

Mapp v. Ohio• 4th Amendment- Search

& Seizure; ruled citizens are protected from unlawful search & seizure by the government

*(if police find evidence illegally, it cannot be used at trial)

Engle v. Vitale• 1st Amendment- freedom of religion;

students cannot be forced to pray in public schools; separation of church and state

Gideon v. Wainwright

• 6th Amendment-Due Process; courts must provide a lawyer for the accused at any trial

Escobedo v. Illinois

• 6th Amendment-Due process; accused has the right to a lawyer at the time of questioning

Miranda v. Arizona

• 5th & 6th Amendments- Due Process; the accused must be told of their rights at the time of arrest

Tinker v. Des Moines• 1st Amendment- Freedom of Speech;

students have the right to use symbols (armbands) to protest as a silent, passive form of expressing their opinion

New York Times v. United States• 1st Amendment- Freedom of Press;

publication of Pentagon Papers (classified info from Vietnam) was allowed b/c it did not danger national security

Roe v. Wade• 14th & 4th Amendments- Privacy; A

woman’s right to abortion is a private decision and is protected within certain limits

New Jersey v. T.L.O• 4th Amendment- Search & Seizure;

Does not apply to schools; School only needs “reasonable suspicion”, NOT probable cause to search students

Vernonia v. Acton

• 4th Amendment-Search & Seizure; random drug tests for athletes in schools is ok because of the need to protect the safety of students

Wrap Up

• Did the Warren Court upset the balance between the rights of the accused and the protection of the community? Explain.

• How did the US Supreme Court affect the extension or restriction of rights during the 1970s?