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UC BERKELEY
UC DAVIS
UC MERCED
UC SANTA CRUZ
CITRIS Strategic Directions October 15, 2003
Presentation by Professor Shankar Sastry, Acting Chief Scientist of CITRIS
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CITRIS RESEARCH AGENDA OVERVIEW
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SOCIETAL SCALE INFORMATION SYSTEMS—SIS SOCIETAL SCALE INFORMATION SYSTEMS SOCIETAL SCALE INFORMATION SYSTEMS— —SIS SIS
Scalable, Reliable, Secure Services
MEMS for Sensor Nets
Building & Using Sensor Nets
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CITRIS MODEL CITRIS MODEL CITRIS MODEL
Applications Applications
Foundations Foundations • Reliability • Availability • Security • Algorithms • Social, policy issues
• Reliability • Availability • Security • Algorithms • Social, policy issues
Core Technologies Core Technologies • Distributed Info Systems • Micro sensors / actuators • HumanComp. Interaction • Prototype Deployment
• Distributed Info Systems • Micro sensors / actuators • HumanComp. Interaction • Prototype Deployment
Societal Societal Scale Scale Information Systems Information Systems
(SIS) (SIS)
IT in service of society
• Energy Efficiency • Disaster Response
and Homeland Defense
• Education
• Energy Efficiency • Disaster Response
and Homeland Defense
• Education Large impact on Cali
forni a
• Transportation Planning
• Transportation Planning
• Monitoring Healthcare
• Monitoring Healthcare
• Land and Environment • Land and
Environment
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CURRENT APPLICATION AREAS CURRENT APPLICATION AREAS CURRENT APPLICATION AREAS
SERVICE TO THIRD WORLD USING IT
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT HEALTH CARE
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND HOMELAND DEFENSE
TRANSPORTATION SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES, AND BUSINESS
EDUCATION
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Thematic Research Areas Thematic Research Areas Thematic Research Areas
Computational
Substrates
Human Computer
Interfaces Dynamical
Systems
Internet High Perf Computing
Informati
on
Substrate
s
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HighConfidence Systems & Software High High Confidence Systems & Software Confidence Systems & Software § Today’s systems and networks are fragile, difficult to
compose and maintain: » Nonrobust » Nonadaptive » Untrustworthy
§ Point failures bring down systems
§ Difficult, costlytocompose useful systems from multiple components
§ Poor or nonexistent means for building reliable systems from necessarily unreliable components
§ Poor understanding of vulnerabilities of networks, performance under – and uncharacterized attacks
§ No clear history, pedigree on data, code
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HighConfidence Systems & Software High High Confidence Systems & Software Confidence Systems & Software
Develop hardware, software, algorithms, and overall architectures with a more fundamental approach to fault tolerance, reconfigurability and security builtin.
» Methods for integrating unreliable components to create reliable systems as foundation of robust computing
» Methods for addressing, leveraging, harnessing distributed components and resources
» Develop new approaches to model, understand, control, react to emergent behaviors in complex computational systems at baseline and when stressed
» Pursue understanding of robustness and adaptation exhibited by biological systems for relevance to computing
Consider architectural issues spanning multiple layers of networking, software, computation, hardware
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Major Research Initiatives Major Research Initiatives Major Research Initiatives § Berkeley Wireless Research Center
» Robert Brodersen and Jan Rabaey, Gary Kelson
» Focus on single chip radios
§ SIA/DARPA MARCO Pederson Design Center » Richard Newton and Kurt Keutzer, Gary Baldwin
» Design for deep submicron technologies
§ Micromechanical Flying Insect » Ron Fearing, Michael Dickinson, Bob Full, Pister, Sastry
» Mems technology for flying minibugs
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Major New Research Initiatives Major New Research Initiatives Major New Research Initiatives
§ Center for Hybrid and Embedded Systems and Software » Henzinger, Lee, Sangiovanni, Sastry, DeAlfaro,
Abadi
§ Center for Intelligent Systems » Bajcsy, El Ghaoui, Jordan, Malik, Russell, Sastry
§ Sensorwebs and Smart Dust » Brewer, Culler, Pister, Ramachandran, Sastry,
Wagner
§ Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Systems (TRUST) » Bajcsy, Joseph, Sastry, Tygar, Wagner, Leavitt,
Wu, Mantey, Levitt, Wu
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Ubiquitous Computing
Embedded Systems
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Habitat Monitoring on Great Duck Island Habitat Monitoring on Great Duck Island Habitat Monitoring on Great Duck Island
§ Enable researchers anywhere in the world to engage in nonintrusive monitoring of sensitive wildlife and habitats
§ Study breeding cycle of Leach's Storm Petrel
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Duck Island System Architecture Duck Island System Architecture Duck Island System Architecture
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SENSOR RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS SENSOR RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS SENSOR RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
February 2000
February 2001
February 2002
info@dustinc.com
February 2003
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IVY PROJECT IVY PROJECT IVY PROJECT
§ Principal goal is to provide a research sensor network infrastructure
§ 1 year lifetime on 2 AA batteries
§ Sensor nodes send connectivity information and sensor data
§ Data logged to a database
§ Web user interface to database
Ivy project in HMMB at UCB
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SENSOR NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE SENSOR NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE SENSOR NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
System Architecture for Building Monitoring
Network Node Application Node
Base Station
Remote Users
Remote Database
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TinyDB TinyDB TinyDB
§ A distributed query processor for networks of Mica motes » Available today!
§ Goal: Eliminate the need to write C code for most TinyOS users
§ Features » Declarative queries » Temporal + spatial operations » Multihop routing » Innetwork storage
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Fire and Disaster Response Fire and Disaster Response Fire and Disaster Response
§ Wright, Cole, Landay, White
§ Chicago Fire Department approached us post 9/11 » Now require CAD plans for all buildings > 8 stories
» Extending to Bay Area
§ Five Components » Fire Information Relay through Effective Extra Sensory Perception (FIRE:ESP)
» Enhanced Incident Command System » Victim Location » Building Health » Building Evacuation Guide
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FIRE:ESP FIRE:ESP FIRE:ESP
§ Head Mounted Display » Where am I? » Where are the victims? » Where are my teammates? » Where is the fire? » How much air do I have? » How hot is it?
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Foundations in Wireless Foundations in Wireless
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/wireless
A fundamental research core of UC Berkeley researchers to provide the
theoretical and algorithmic foundations for tomorrow’s wireless systems
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Sampling of Research Agenda Sampling of Research Agenda
§ Spectrum reduce, reuse, recycle (3 R’s) § Cooperative relays as artificial scatterers § Distributed sensor networks § Exploiting mobility § Multimedia over wireless
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
New Computational Substrates
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[New Computation Substrates Bio:Info:Nano] [New Computation Substrates Bio:Info:Nano]
§ Bio » Biological Sciences and Technology
§ Info » Computer Science and Information Technology
§ Nano » Microelectronics, Optoelectronics, Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS
New Computational
Substrates
Info
Bio
Nano
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[Bio] ↔ [Nano] [Bio] ↔ [Nano] § Nano Opportunities for Bio
» Interfaces to micro/nano scale objects
» Integrate multiple functions » Scale to larger structures
§ Bio Challenges for Nano » Interfaces to new kinds of objects
» Integrate new functions » Scale to new structures
§ Bio Opportunities for Nano » Functions beyond Physical » Reliable functions, unreliable devices
» Selfreplicating/organizing, ... devices
§ Nano Challenges for Bio » Engineering devices based on Bio
» Engineering collections of Bio devices
» Engineering interfaces between Bio and Nano
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µ
µ
µ
out
in
++ + + +
+
1 µ
CMOS elements
Nano Maps to Bio Nano Maps to Bio
10 nm
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[Bio] ↔ [Info] [Bio] ↔ [Info] § Info Opportunities for Bio
» Complex systems design » Scalable parallel and distributed systems
» Computational complexity theory
§ Bio Challenges for Info » Bio system complexity » Bio systems scale » Bio systems computational theory
§ Bio Opportunities for Info » Beyond frontier of Info » Reliable systems, unreliable subsystems
» Selfreplicating / organizing systems
§ Info Challenges for Bio » Filling the gap from lowest to highest levels
» Recognizing effective system structures
» Realizing system scaling and stability
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Info vs. Bio in the Speed Domain Info vs. Bio in the Speed Domain
High performance computing
µ
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10 nm
• nanocrystals • nanorods, nanotubes • nanoMOSFETs • dendrimers • scanning probe tips
• patterned surface • cell membranes • DNA • proteins
Nano:Bio Building Blocks Nano:Bio Building Blocks
Courtesy of Jeff Bokor
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Sample problem: Hybrid Electrical Devices and Sensors Sample problem: Hybrid Electrical Devices and Sensors
1d conductors maximally sensitive to
surface binding
substrate nanowire
substrate nanowire
substrate nanowire
protein
buffer
3 facilities: •Nanowire/tube •Antigen/antibody •Ebeam lithography
Courtesy of Jeff Bokor
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Sample Problem:Nanomechanical widget Sample Problem:Nanomechanical widget
•Nanotube synthesis •ebeam lithography •Imaging characterization labin situ measurements •Combine with Chemical Amplifiers?
Courtesy of Jeff Bokor
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BioPOEMS* for Bloodanalysisonachip BioPOEMS* for Blood BioPOEMS* for Blood analysis analysis on on a a chip chip
10mm
Microneedle array on the bottom
Cell lysing
Cell sorting using adhesion protein
Microvalve
Micro pump
Nano- pore membran e
Invivo IR spectrometer
µCIAs & NanoSERS
Beam splitter
Xmicrolens scanner
Zmicrolens scanner
Fluidic network
DAQ & Sensing
Beam splitter
Xmicrolens scanner
Zmicrolens scanner
Fluidic network
DAQ & Sensing µCIA
NanoSERS 1mm
*BioPolymer OptoElectro Mechanical Systems
(Source: Luke Lee)
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Sample Focus Areas Sample Focus Areas § Computation in the Bio Substrate
» These mechanisms could be potentially harnessed for solving computationally complex problems (DNA computing), as well as for creating computational devices for specialized bio sensing and control.
§ Algorithms for Bio Discovery » Identifying therapeutic and diagnostic targets based on genomic data through the application of language modeling to problems in biological discovery.
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Sample Focus Areas Sample Focus Areas
§ Communications in Biointerfaces: Direct communication and interfaces between living and artificial systems » The innovation of implantable devices to autonomously dispense medications, builtin molecular recognition systems for detection purposes, devices to report physiologic or environmental conditions.
§ The Biomechanical Intersection: Biomimetic Locomotion » The integration of new materials and control schemas that capture the principles of biomechanics and motion for understanding and utilizing fundamental motion from biological systems.
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Sample Focus Areas Sample Focus Areas
§ Biomaterials: Form and Function » New tools to explore the gene expression profiles during the composite fabrication of biological materials, may give us new insights into the assembly and architecture of multifunctional materials such as skin, bone, shell, connective tissues: characterized by selfhealing, selfregeneration, unique optical properties, or sensing and actuation.
§ Augmented Cognition » The development of new computational tools (including principles of nonlinearity and massive parallel processing), and the effective fabrication of compatible interfaces which can transduce useful information from neural systems from cells, organized tissue, and neural based organs.
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MicroBio Interface MicroBio Interface
BlowFly: 25 mm, 100 mg, 2 m/s, $10?
Michael Dickinson, Int. Biology, UCB Bioengineering, Caltech
Micromechanical Flying Insect (Fearing/Pister/Sastry)
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Nanofabricated Biomimetic Structures Nanofabricated Biomimetic Structures
Robert J. Full, Integrative Biology, UCB Kellar Autumn, Lewis&Clark
Gecko Adhesive •Sticks to wet or dry surfaces •Sticks to rough or smooth surfaces (e.g concrete or glass) •Self cleaning •Leaves no residue •Reusable •Can be turned on/off at 10 Hz •Pulloff 10N/cm 2
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Gecko Hair Structure Gecko Hair Structure Seta Rows of Setae
30,000X Spatulae Autumn et al 2000
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Augmented Cognition
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Center for Intelligent Systems Center for Intelligent Systems After the grand visions of the 1950s, the science of intelligent systems
fragmented into a variety of separate fields. Narrow focus of each field enabled technical progress but also restricted the scope of problems and prevented crossfertilization.
Gradual fragmentation, mutually incomprehensible formalisms: symbolic AI logic, ad hoc uncertainty measures pattern recognition statistics information retrieval cosines neural networks “subsymbolic”, nonlinear regression fuzzy logic, control fuzzy sets speech HMMs, signal processing control theory diffeqs, stochastic processes vision geometry robotics differential equations, geometry comp. linguistics automata, grammers operations research decision theory dynamic programming
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CIS: Mission CIS: Mission § Relaunch the field as an integrated scientific discipline with solid
foundations and ambitious, interdisciplinary applications § Bring together researchers from artificial intelligence, computer vision,
speech recognition, robotics, control theory, operations research, neuroscience, adaptive systems, information retrieval, data mining, computational statistics, and game theory
§ Focus on developing a unified theoretical foundation for intelligent systems, building on the tremendous advances made in various individual disciplines in the last decade
§ Build & disseminate new computational tools § Train a new generation to solve largescale problems problems
whose solution will benefit the economy and society
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ELECTRONIC CULTURAL ATLAS INITIATIVE ELECTRONIC CULTURAL ATLAS INITIATIVE ELECTRONIC CULTURAL ATLAS INITIATIVE
§ Founded in 1997
§ ECAI is a global community dedicated to enhancing digital scholarship and cultural heritage preservation by using time and space for data sharing
§ Collaboration with CITRIS
§ Global consortium of over 700 humanities scholars and IT researchers
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ECAI AND THE HUMANITIES ECAI AND THE HUMANITIES ECAI AND THE HUMANITIES
§ Allows spatial and temporal discovery and analysis: » A clearinghouse of over 1000 spatial datasets and authored maps.
Records are coded by time and place and are visable on a map.
§ Lets scholars “show their work”: » Digital atlases that bring together data from many contributors
pertaining to a given place.
§ Facilitates interactive publication: » ePublications are exemplary mapbased
electronic publications on cultural topics. ECAI ePublications are peer reviewed and persistent.
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LOOKING AHEAD: Teleimmersion lab LOOKING AHEAD: LOOKING AHEAD: Tele Tele immersion lab immersion lab
§ A new medium that enables remote users to share the same 3D space
§ The ultimate synthesis of: networks, vision and graphics
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
High Confidence Systems and
Software
Aka
Complex Systems
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RECENTLY FUNDED: ICT4B RECENTLY FUNDED: RECENTLY FUNDED: ICT4B ICT4B
§ ITR on ICT4B—Information and Communication Technology for the 4 Billion people with incomes under $2000 per year
» Create and demonstrate enabling ICT infrastructure for the developing world
» Current Partners: HP, Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, IIT Delhi, Intel, UN Development Program, Markle Foundation, and more!
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INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR BILLIONS (ICT4B) INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR BILLIONS (ICT4B) TECHNOLOGY FOR BILLIONS (ICT4B)
§ Create and demonstrate enabling ICT infrastructure for developing world
§ Key deliverables: » Low cost low power devices and displays » Intermittent connectivity networking » UI toolkit for lowliteracy populations » Codesign of infrastructure and devices, systemonchip to get 10100X cost reduction
» At least 2 deployments with apps (e.g. health, egov, commerce)
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ICT Empowers Women ICT Empowers Women ICT Empowers Women
“We get our freedom from the Internet, since in our society girls are not allowed to go wherever we want…the Internet takes us out to other people, places and realities…it is our way of escaping from our closed society. It is vital to us, it gives us liberty.”
A young Muslim girl from Mauritania, Global Information Technology Report 20012002:
Readiness for the Networked World
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Experimental Social Sciences Lab at UC Berkeley ( XLAB) Experimental Social Sciences Lab at Experimental Social Sciences Lab at UC Berkeley UC Berkeley ( X ( X LAB) LAB)
What is experimental economics? § Pay subjects real money to participate in economic institutions such as » Auctions » Markets » Bargaining » Decision making (individual and group) » Etc, etc
§ Used to test economic theories, teach economic principles, design economic institutions
Conducts experiments that explore the interface between economics and psychology as they affect individual and group decisionmaking.
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PLANETLAB PLANETLAB PLANETLAB
§ An open, globallydistributed testbed for developing, deploying and accessing planetaryscale network services
§ 160+ machines at 65 sites worldwide § > 60 participating partners from academia and industry
§ Basis of $10.8M DETER grant
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High Confidence Systems and
Software Cyber Defense Technology
Experimental Research
(DETER) Network
UC Berkeley, USCISI, NAI Labs, UC Davis, Penn State, Purdue, ICSI, SRI, NAI Labs,
Sparta
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Yesterday’s Warriors
Today’s Terrorists
Tomorrow’s Weapons
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DETER Vision DETER Vision DETER Vision
§ ... to provide the scientific knowledge required to enable the development of solutions to cyber security problems of national importance
§ Through the creation of an experimental infrastructure network – networks, tools, methodologies and supporting processes to support nationalscale experimentation on emerging security research and advanced development technologies
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Justification and Requirements for a National DDoS Defense Technology Evaluation Facility Justification and Requirements for a National DDoS Defense Technology Evaluation Facility
§ Network Associates Laboratories study, DARPA funded – July 2002
§ Confirmed that a national facility for DDoS defense technology evaluation is needed and identified requirements
§ Interviews conducted with experts in relevant fields, including network security product vendors, computer security researchers, router manufacturers, network service providers, government organizations, network operators, and content providers
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DETER Goals DETER Goals
§ Facilitate scientific experimentation § Validation against established baseline § Experimental approaches involve breaking network infrastructure
§ Researcher and vendor neutral experimental network
§ Open to wide community of users
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Testing and Benchmarking Methodologies for Future Network Security Mechanisms Goals Testing and Benchmarking Methodologies for Future Network Security Mechanisms Goals
§ Scientifically rigorous testing frameworks and methodologies for classes of network attacks and defense mechanisms
§ Attack scenarios, attack simulators, generators for topology, background traffic, data sets derived from live traffic, tools to monitor and summarize results
§ Experimentation with variety of parameters representing the network environment, attack behaviors and the configuration of the mechanisms under test
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CONCLUSION
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CITRIS LONGTERM GOALS CITRIS LONGTERM GOALS
§ Continue to develop, test, and promote large societal scale information systems that are heterogeneous, reliable, maintainable, cost effective, and easy to use
§ Build bridges to new application areas and expand reach into more communities
§ Seed new research
§ Increase Institute impact in academia and industry; and visibility in public and media arenas
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BACKUPS
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TinyDB Architecture (Per node) TinyDB TinyDB Architecture (Per node) Architecture (Per node)
Radio Stack
Schema
TinyAllloc
TupleRouter
AggOperator SelOperator
Network
TupleRouter: •Fetches readings (for ready queries) •Builds tuples •Applies operators •Deliver results (up tree)
AggOperator: •Combines local & neighbor readings
SelOperator: •Filters readings
Schema: •“Catalog” of commands & attributes (more later)
TinyAlloc: •Reusable memory allocator!
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Duck Island Sample Data Duck Island Sample Data Duck Island Sample Data § Light, Temperature, Infrared, Humidity, Power § Live data at www.greatduckisland.net
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Saving Cultural Heritage Saving Cultural Heritage Saving Cultural Heritage
§ Now stolen, this picture of a Hindu site was taken in 1990 in Kathmandu when the sculpture was intact
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Dynamic Maps Dynamic Maps Dynamic Maps
Dynamic map containing information on Iraq and its neighbors
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Project Background Project Background Project Background
§ Two companion efforts led by UCB and UCD § Funded by NSF and DHS ARPA § Mari Maeda, Kevin Thompson NSF § Keith Schwalm, Jane Alexander DHS § Operating as one unified project § Important 9 month milestone
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