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Cisco Confidential © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1
Enabling nLight Control plane for Dynamic Next-Gen Optical Networks Amrit Hanspal
Santiago Álvarez
Oct 2012
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
• 15 billion networked devices in 2015, up from 7 billion in 2010
• IP traffic will grow 4-fold from 2010 to 2015 (32% CAGR )
• Mobile data traffic will grow 26-fold from 2010 to 2015 (92% CAGR )
• IP traffic will reach an annual run rate of 965.5 Exabytes in 2015 (equivalent to 241 billion DVDs )
• Mobile was 1% of total IP traffic in 2010, and will be 8% of total IP traffic in 2015
Source: Cisco Visual Networkin Index (VNI) www.cisco.com/go/vni
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
Edge
IP Core
Access
SP Services/ Content
Third-Party Services/ Content
VoD
Business
Unified Data
Center
Unified Data
Center
Regional Data Center
Regional Data Center
Traffic Volume + Changing Traffic Patterns Demand a Dynamic Topology
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
Data Center A
Data Center B
Data Center C Transport Network
IP Engineering requests path from transport team
1
Transport Planning researches capacity for best path
2
Transport Operations provisions network path at each node
3
IP Operations provisions VPN service
4
1 Week 3 Weeks 4 Weeks 2 Weeks < 2 Months
IP Network
Divided Networks
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
Does your company operate their own optical network?
A. No and no immediate plans
B. No, but assessing feasibility
C. Planning to deploy
D. Yes, already deployed
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
Existing 10G Fiber, Amplifiers, Dispersion Compensation Modules, …
CRS ASR 9000
Core
Up to 36% TCO Savings and over 90% Fiber CAPEX Reuse
Edge Reuse over 90% of Fiber Infrastructure CAPEX
Reduce Provisioning Time from Months to Minutes
Recycle Capacity by Eliminating Over Provisioning
• nLight Control Plane – built on GMPLS • nLight Silicon for Coherent 100G+, 3000km w/o Regeneration • nLight ROADMs: Zero-Touch Optical
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
R1
Packet Domain
R2 R3
R1 R2
R3
Path Diversity
Disjoint paths
Disjoint paths
Dynamic Path Setup
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
R1
Packet Domain
R2
R1 R2
Signaled lambda
Signaled lambda
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
Before we dive into the details, how familiar are you with GMPLS?
A. Not familiar
B. Learning the technology and assessing applicability to my environment
C. Fairly familiar with it and considering potential deployment in the future
D. Fairly familiar with it, but not planning to deploy for now
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
• User-Network Interface (UNI) to implement an overlay model between two networks
• Enables a Cisco router to signal paths dynamically through a DWDM network
• Paths may be signaled with diversity requirements
• Two UNI components Client: UNI-C in IOS XR 4.3.0 (CRS / ASR9000) Network: UNI-N in 9.6.0.3 (ONS 15454)
• Part of nLight Control Plane
• Building block for multi-layer routing
H E L L O my name is
I IPP
H E L L O my name is
Optical
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
• Generalized control plane for different types of network devices Packet-Switch Capable (PSC) Layer-2 Switch Capable (L2SC) Time-Division-Multiplex Capable (TDM) Lambda-Switch Capable (LSC) Fiber-Switch Capable (FSC)
• Two major models: peer (NNI) and overlay (UNI-C)
• Different label formats depending on network type
• Based on initial RSVP-TE, OSPF-TE and ISIS-TE extensions
• Strict separation of control and forwarding planes
• Supports bi-directional LSPs
• IP based control plane
• No IP based forwarding plane (no LDP)
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
• Control plane interface Client: UNI-C (packet) Network: UNI-N (optical)
• Separate packet and optical routing domains
• Optical topology known to UNI-N but not to UNI-C
• UNI-C initiates LSP signaling
• UNI-N performs path computation through optical domain
• Common address space between UNI-C and UNI-N to enable signaling
• UNI honors administrative boundaries while allowing controlled interaction
UNI-C UNI-C
UNI-N UNI-N
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
UNI UNI Head Tail
RSVP RSVP RSVP RSVP
Forwarding plane
Control plane
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
• Used by GMPLS nodes to exchange control-plane information
Signaling Routing Link management
• Control channels exist independently of TE links
• Not required to use same physical medium as data-bearing links
Separate wavelength/fiber Ethernet link Overhead bits IP tunnel
UNI-C
UNI-N
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
UNI Head
TE Link
IPCC
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
• Performs two core functions Control channel management Link property correlation
• GMPLS nodes require an LMP adjacency formed over one or more bi-directional control channels
• Runs over UDP with mechanisms for reliable message transmission
• Includes mechanisms for LMP neighbor discovery
• Most messages exchanged over control channel
• Can also provide link connectivity verification and fault management
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
• Router can signal a path dynamically through an optical (ONS 15454) network using GMPLS
• Router initiates signaling
• ROADM computes path and signals optical path
• LSP state drives controller and physical interface state on router
• Support for HA including ISSU
• Router interface is fully layer-3 and Layer-2 capable (including bundling)
• Router interface may or may not run MPLS
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
R1
Packet Domain
R2
R1 R2
Signaled lambda
Signaled lambda
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
• UNI-C (Head) Initiates signaling (default lambda) No explicit path (ERO) defined / signaled Signaling initiated towards remote UNI-C (optical loopback or optical link address) Bi-directional path (upstream and downstream labels)
• UNI-N Arrival of PATH message without ERO triggers path computation to destination across optical domain Establishment of optical path (trail) required for UNI signaling to proceed
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
Optical impairment check
UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda)
UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda)
UNI-C UNI-C UNI-N UNI-N
UNI PATH (upstream label = default lambda)
1
2
3 Trail Downstream PATH
Trail Upstream PATH
Trail Downstream RESV
Trail Upstream RESV
UNI PATH ERROR (upstream label = lambda)
UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda)
6 Trail established
8
Tunnel established
UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
7
Tunnel established
5 Trail established
Optical impairment check
Per-hop optical parameters
4
Head initiates tunnel
signaling
Optical path computation, trail signaling initiated
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
Identifier Grid Channel Spacing n
Grid Value Reserved 0
ITU-T DWDM 1 ITU-T CWDM 2 Future Use 3 - 7
3 bits 4 bits 9 bits 16 bits
DWDM Channel Spacing (GHz) Value Reserved 0
100 1 50 2 25 3
12.5 4 Future Use 5 - 15
Frequency (THz) = 193.1 THz + n * channel spacing (THz)
Grid – Optical grid as defined in ITU-T G.694.1 Channel Spacing – Spacing between DWDM channels in GHz Identifier – Per-node distinguisher between lasers than can transmit same lambda n – value used to compute frequency (two’s complement)
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
• Physical interface goes up when GMPLS signaling complete and wavelength programmed on controller
• Interface goes down if tunnel brought down (signaling error, configuration removal)
• Interface stays up if control plane goes down (e.g. RP failure) and no error is generated
UP
DOWN
Admin shutdown or Signaling error or
OIR or GMPLS config removal
Signaling complete and Hardware programmed
Transient control plane failure
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
• Three main configuration tasks TE Link IP Control Channel Tunnel (head only)
• DWDM controller associated with GMPLS UNI configuration
• No tunnel interface (e.g. tunnel-gte) associated with GMPLS LSP
• Single tunnel path option
• Tunnel id cannot conflict with any other point-to-point TE tunnel Id including auto-tunnel
• LMP configuration on separate config submode (config under traffic-eng submode deprecated)
• No configuration changes on physical interface (fully layer-2 and layer-3 capable including bundling)
UNI-C
UNI-N
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
UNI Head
TE Link
IPCC
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
interface Loopback0 description PACKET ROUTER ID ipv4 address 10.0.255.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface Loopback1 description OPTICAL ROUTER ID ipv4 address 172.16.255.11 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/8 description OPTICAL CONTROL PLANE ipv4 address 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.254 ! interface HundredGigE0/1/0/0 description LOOK MOM: I WAS SIGNALED VIA GMPLS ipv4 address 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.254 ! controller dwdm0/1/0/0 admin-state in-service ! router static address-family ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.1/32 172.16.1.1 ! !
Optical router id must be reachable
UNI-C UNI-C
UNI-N UNI-N
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
UNI UNI Head Tail
RSVP RSVP RSVP RSVP rid:172.16.255.1 rid: 172.16.255.2
rid:172.16.255.11 rid: 172.16.255.22 rid: 10.0.255.1 rid: 10.0.255.2
Packet routing Domain: 10/8
Optical routing Domain: 172.16/16 (IPCC) 172.17/16 (Link Id)
link-id: 172.17.1.0
link-id: 172.17.1.1
172.16.1.0
172.16.1.1
link-id: 172.17.2.0
link-id: 172.17.2.1
172.16.2.0
172.16.2.1
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
mpls traffic-eng gmpls optical-uni controller dwdm0/1/0/0 tunnel-properties tunnel-id 100 destination ipv4 unicast 172.17.2.0 path-option 10 no-ero lockdown ! ! ! ! end
lmp gmpls optical-uni controller dwdm0/1/0/0 neighbor HEAD-UNI-N neighbor link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.1.1 neighbor interface-id unnumbered 11 link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.1.0 ! neighbor HEAD-UNI-N ipcc routed router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.1 ! router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.11 ! ! rsvp controller dwdm0/1/0/0 signalling refresh out-of-band interval 86400 ! !
Static Control Channel Adjacency (routable)
Optical Router Id (routable)
GMPLS Tunnel Configuration
Static TE Link Properties
(non routable)
Daily RSVP State Refresh
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
UNI-C UNI-C
UNI-N UNI-N
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
UNI UNI Head Tail
RSVP RSVP RSVP RSVP rid:172.16.255.1 rid: 172.16.255.2
rid:172.16.255.11 rid: 172.16.255.22 rid: 10.0.255.1 rid: 10.0.255.2
Packet routing Domain: 10/8
Optical routing Domain: 172.16/16 (IPCC) 172.17/16 (Link Id)
link-id: 172.17.1.0
link-id: 172.17.1.1
172.16.1.0
172.16.1.1
link-id: 172.17.2.0
link-id: 172.17.2.1
172.16.2.0
172.16.2.1
interface Loopback0 description PACKET ROUTER ID ipv4 address 10.0.255.2 255.255.255.255 ! interface Loopback1 description OPTICAL ROUTER ID ipv4 address 172.16.255.22 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/8 description OPTICAL CONTROL PLANE ipv4 address 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.254 ! interface HundredGigE0/1/0/0 description LOOK MOM: I WAS SIGNALED VIA GMPLS ipv4 address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.254 ! controller dwdm0/1/0/0 admin-state in-service ! router static address-family ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.2/32 172.16.2.1 ! !
Optical router id must be reachable
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
mpls traffic-eng gmpls optical-uni controller dwdm0/1/0/0 ! ! ! end
lmp gmpls optical-uni controller dwdm0/1/0/0 neighbor TAIL-UNI-N neighbor link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.2.1 neighbor interface-id unnumbered 22 link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.2.0 ! neighbor TAIL-UNI-N ipcc routed router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.2 ! router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.22 ! ! rsvp controller dwdm0/1/0/0 signalling refresh out-of-band interval 86400 ! !
Daily RSVP State Refresh
No GMPLS Tunnel Configuration
(tunnel still bidirectional)
Static Control Channel Adjacency (routable)
Optical Router Id (routable)
Static TE Link Properties
(non routable)
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
• Router head can signal requirements for path diversity against one or more specific LSPs
• ROADM includes path diversity requirements in path computation
• Source and destination of signaled LSP may differ from LSP from which diversity is required
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
R1
Packet Domain
R2 R3
R1 R2
R3 Disjoint paths
Disjoint paths
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
• UNI-C (Head) Initiates signaling (default lambda) No explicit path (ERO) defined/signaled LSP exclusions (XRO) signaled to enable path diversity Exclusions can be strict (MUST exclude) or best effort (SHOULD exclude) Signaling initiated towards remote UNI-C (optical loopback or optical link address) Bi-directional path (upstream and downstream labels)
• UNI-N Arrival of PATH message without ERO triggers optical path computation to destination across optical domain LSP exclusions used as additional input for optical path computation Establishment of optical path (trail) required for UNI signaling to proceed
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26
UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda)
UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda)
UNI-C UNI-C UNI-N UNI-N
UNI PATH (upstream label = default lambda)
1
Head initiates tunnel
signaling including
LSP exclusion
2
Optical path computation subject to LSP exclusions,
trail signaling initiated
3 Trail Downstream PATH
Trail Upstream PATH
Trail Downstream RESV
Trail Upstream RESV
UNI PATH ERROR (upstream label = lambda)
UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda)
6 Trail established
8
Tunnel established
UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
7
Tunnel established
5 Trail established
Per-hop optical parameters
4
Optical impairment check
Optical impairment check
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
interface Loopback0 description PACKET ROUTER ID ipv4 address 10.0.255.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface Loopback1 description OPTICAL ROUTER ID ipv4 address 172.16.255.11 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/8 description OPTICAL CONTROL PLANE ipv4 address 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.254 ! interface HundredGigE0/1/0/0 description LOOK MOM: I WAS SIGNALED VIA GMPLS ipv4 address 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.254 ! controller dwdm0/1/0/0 admin-state in-service ! router static address-family ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.1/32 172.16.1.1 ! !
Optical router id must be reachable
UNI-C UNI-C
UNI-N UNI-N
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
UNI UNI Head Tail
RSVP RSVP RSVP RSVP rid:172.16.255.1 rid: 172.16.255.2
rid:172.16.255.11 rid: 172.16.255.22 rid: 10.0.255.1 rid: 10.0.255.2
Packet routing Domain: 10/8
Optical routing Domain: 172.16/16 (IPCC) 172.17/16 (Link Id)
link-id: 172.17.1.0
link-id: 172.17.1.1
172.16.1.0
172.16.1.1
link-id: 172.17.2.0
link-id: 172.17.2.1
172.16.2.0
172.16.2.1
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
mpls traffic-eng attribute-set xro exclude-tun1-be exclude best-effort lsp source 172.16.255.11 destination 172.16.255.22 tunnel-id 1 extended-tunnel-id 172.16.255.11 ! attribute-set xro exclude-tun1-s exclude strict lsp source 172.16.255.11 destination 172.16.255.22 tunnel-id 1 extended-tunnel-id 172.16.255.11 ! gmpls optical-uni controller dwdm0/1/0/0 tunnel-properties tunnel-id 100 destination ipv4 unicast 172.17.2.0 path-option 10 no-ero xro-attribute-set exclude-tun1-s lockdown ! ! ! ! end
lmp gmpls optical-uni controller dwdm0/1/0/0 neighbor HEAD-UNI-N neighbor link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.1.1 neighbor interface-id unnumbered 11 link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.1.0 ! neighbor HEAD-UNI-N ipcc routed router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.1 ! router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.11 ! ! rsvp controller dwdm0/1/0/0 signalling refresh out-of-band interval 86400 ! !
Static Control Channel Adjacency (routable)
Optical Router Id (routable)
GMPLS Tunnel Configuration include diversity requirement
Static TE Link Properties
(non routable)
Daily RSVP State Refresh
Best effort (non-mandatory) path
diversity requirement
Strict (mandatory) path diversity requirement
* As of introduction of IOS XR 4.3.0, UNI-N does not support best effort exclusions
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
What signaling capability would be critical for your environment? (multiple choice)
A. Constraint-based path computation
B. Re-optimization
C. Restoration
D. Auto-discovery (dynamic LMP)
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
• Router would have two RSVP neighbors if packet network runs MPLS-TE on DWDM interface,
RSVP neighbor over physical interface for MPLS TE signaling RSVP neighbor over controller for GMPLS signaling
• Separate RSVP refresh timers High frequency for MPLS TE signaling Low frequency for GMPLS signaling (lowest 232 ms or ~1.6 months)
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
R1 R2
Signaled lambda
RSVP
RSVP
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
• IOS XR Release 4.3.0 – Available now!
• CRS hardware support 1OC768-DPSK/C 1OC768-DPSK/C-O= 1OC768-ITU/C 4-10GE-ITU/C 1-100GE-DWDM/C (=)
• ASR 9000 hardware support Mod80 and Mod160 LCs (4-port/2-port 10GE MPA) w/ 8xDWDM-XFP-C (DWDM optics) 24 x 10GE LC with 10GE SFP+ DWDM optics
• ONS 15454 Rel. 9.6.0.3
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32
• Cisco CRS www.cisco.com/go/crs
• Cisco ASR 9000 www.cisco.com/go/asr9000
• Cisco ONS 15454 http://www.cisco.com/go/ons15454
• Cisco CRS Release 4.3.0 Documentation
Configuration Guide: http://tinyurl.com/b2h4pl3
Command Reference: http://tinyurl.com/ad2a3qj
• Cisco ASR 9000 Release 4.3.0 Documentation
Configuration Guide: http://tinyurl.com/anxnwed
Command Reference: http://tinyurl.com/b3stuex
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33
• Explosive traffic growth and changing traffic patterns driving requirements for agile
IP+Optical integration
• Cisco nLight uses GMPLS as control plane to enable an elastic network infrastructure
• Cisco GMPLS UNI implementation allows controlled interaction between packet and optical domains to
Dynamically set up paths between routers across a DWDM network Signaling and computation of diverse optical paths
• Solution available in Cisco CRS, ASR 9000 and ONS 15454 products today
saalvare@cisco.com - © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34
Header GMPLS LSP TE LSP Path Bidirectional (upstream+downstream) Unidirectional (Downstream)
End Point Roles One head + one tail
One head + one tail (P2P) or multiple tails (P2MP)
Label DWDM Wavelength Label (32 bits) in control plane Circuit in forwarding plane
Packet label (20-bit) in control plane Packet label (20-bit part of shim header) in forwarding plane
Path Computation UNI-N Head End
Signaling Initiation Head End Head End
Physical Interface Relationship 1:1 (fixed) N:1 (flexible)
Signaling Routing Objects No ERO
Optional XRO RRO (optional)
ERO RRO (optional)
Signaling Label Objects Generalized Label Request (PATH)
Upstream Label (PATH) Generalized Label (RESV)
Acceptable Label Set (PATH)
Label Request (PATH) Label (RESV)
Signaled Bandwidth Fixed CT0 (controller rate) Configurable CT0/CT1
Reservation Style Fixed Filter (FF) Shared Explicit (SE)
Tunnel Id Static Static | Dynamic (auto-tunnel)
Tunnel Destination UNI-C optical router id | UNI-C optical link address Router id | Interface id
Protection N/A FRR | Path protection
Preemption N/A Hard | Soft
Re-optimization N/A Hitless
Thank you.
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