View
1
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION
Cardiovascular & lymphatic systems
Functions
Transport
Defense / immunity
Homeostasis
2
Types of Circulatory Systems
Open circulatory system
Contains vascular elements
Mixing of blood & body fluids in open cavities (sinuses)
E.g., arthropods
3
Types of Circulatory Systems
Closed circulatory system
Contains continuous vascular elements
Blood & body fluids kept separate
E.g., vertebrates
4
Quick Quiz: True or false: A fish has a
closed circulatory system.
A) True
B) False
5
Major Components of Vertebrate
Cardiovascular Systems
Heart
Pump
6
Major Components of Vertebrate
Cardiovascular Systems
Heart
Vessels
Arteries
Carry blood away from the
heart
Veins
Carry blood toward the heart
Capillaries
Connections between arteries &
veins
Site of gas & nutrient exchange
7
Major Components of Vertebrate
Cardiovascular Systems
Heart
Vessels
Blood
Transport “fluid”
8
Chambers
Atria
Ventricles
Valves
Atrioventricular
Semilunar
Vessels
Vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
The Mammalian Heart
9
Pathway of Blood Flow
Body
R-atrium
R-ventricle
Lungs
L-atrium
L-ventricle
10
lub
dub
Quick Quiz: Where does blood go
when it leaves the left ventricle?
A) Left atrium
B) Body
C) Right ventricle
D) Lungs
11
Circulatory Pathways
Pulmonary circuit
Heart lungs heart
12
Circulatory Pathways
Systemic circuit
Heart body heart
13
Circulatory Pathways
Coronary circulation
Heart heart
Right & left coronary arteries from base of aorta
14
Cardiac Output
15
Quick Quiz: True or false: the
pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-rich
blood.
A) True
B) False
16
Comparison of Vertebrate Systems
Mammals, birds, crocodiles
4 chambered heart
17
Comparison of Vertebrate Systems
Reptiles & amphibians
3 chambered heart
Common ventricle
18
Comparison of Vertebrate Systems
Fish
2 chambered heart
19
Quick Quiz: Which of these chambers
does a frog NOT have?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
20
Cardiac Conduction System
Autorhythmic
Structures
Sinoatrial (SA) node
“Pacemaker”
70 bpm
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
21
Cardiac Conduction System
Gap junctions
Communication junctions between cardiac cells
abutting ends of two
cardiac muscle cells
gap junction
22
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
P wave
Atrial contraction (depolarization)
QRS wave
Ventricular contraction
T wave
Ventricular repolarization
Jimmie the bulldog 23
Arrhythmias
Irregular heart rates
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Fibrillation
24
Quick Quiz: Where is the heart’s
primary “pacemaker” found?
A) Atrioventricular node
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Aorta
25
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Thick walls
High pressure
Elastic fibers
Veins
Thin walls
Low pressure
Valves
Capillaries
Ultra thin
Single cell layer 26
Veins
Directional flow controlled by valves
27
Blood Vessels
Path of blood flow in systemic circulation:
Heart
Aorta
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Vena cava
Heart
28
Capillary Flow
“Outward flow” at the arteriole end of the
capillary bed
“Inward flow” at the venule end of the capillary
bed
Blood Vessels
Blood flow regulated by controlling vessel
diameter
Vasoconstriction
Constrict lumen
Decreases flow / increases pressure
Vasodilation
Dilate lumen
Increases flow / decreases pressure
30
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure = pressure applied to walls of
blood vessels by the blood
Systolic pressure
Arterial pressure during ventricular contraction
Diastolic pressure
Arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation
31
Systemic Blood Pressure
32
Quick Quiz: Blood pressure in a vein is
_________ in an artery of the same
size.
A) Higher than
B) Lower than
C) The same as
33
Atherosclerosis
Plaque formation
Cholesterol & fat deposits in wall of arteries
Coronary Bypass Surgery
35
Blood
Volume & Composition
5 L (adult)
Blood Cell Generation
37
Blood Typing
Heritable genetic traits
Markers (antigens) expressed on surface of rbc’s
A type antigens
B type antigens
O = no antigens present
Immune response will be initiated if foreign
antigens are recognized
Important for blood transfusions
Incompatible blood types will be attacked
38
Agglutination Reaction
39
Rh Factor
+ / - for Rh antigen
Anti-Rh antibodies may be produced in response
to transfusion or pregnancy
Consequences
Reaction to subsequent transfusions
Erythroblastosis fetalis
40
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
41
Quick Quiz: Blood type results from
markers on/in...
A) Plasma
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
42
Recommended