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CHRONIC DISEASE RISK FACTORS
Chronic Disease Risk Factors
Chronic Disease Risk Factors continued
(Health Canada, 2015)
Obesity
Obesity rank by country
NationMaster.com, 2012
Contributing Factors Portion Sizes
Physical Inactivity
Genetics
Media
Technology
(Brownell, 2006)
Contributing Factor: Inactivity
What is the recommended amount of daily activity?
Schools and PE
Sedentary Workplaces
Communities
“We have engineered activity out of our lives” (TWON, 2012)
Contributing Factor: Advertising
“Toxic advertising”
Health claims on food
TV time has increased
(Center for Media Literacy, 2011; Heidi Cody, 2000)
Obesity & Stigma
A lot of bias exists when it comes to those who are overweight or obese.
Health care workers Employment opportunities Media Children
Just getting people more active… “Better to be fat and fit, than skinny and un-
fit.” (Dr. Robert Sallis, 2014, pg 10)
Exercise and… Dementia Depression Autoimmune Disorders such as Fibromyalgia
Helping patients – “Health at every size” (Bacon
& Aphramor, 2011)
“No amount of exercise is insignificant.” (Dr.
Robert Sallis, 2014, pg 26)
Tobacco
Tobacco
Between 1964 and 2014: Over 20 million Americans died because of smoking
2.5 million nonsmokers More than 100,000 babies
Smoking is still the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the U.S.
“The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress”
An evolving process…
“If excessive smoking actually plays a role in the production of lung cancer, it seems to be a minor one.”
The National Cancer Institute, 1954
“Tobacco use imposes enormous public health and financial costs on this nation – costs that are completely avoidable.”
Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health & Human Services, 2010
Source:Mokdad AH, Marks JS. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 291
Smoking and chronic disease Responsible for more than heart and lung
disease: 13 different types of cancer
Smoking and reproduction
Diabetes, eye disease, immune system
Thoughts?
Warnings were to appear Sept. 2012 but….
(FDA.gov, 2011)
Alcohol
Alcohol and Chronic Disease 3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death
How does alcohol contribute to chronic disease? Short-term health effects
Long-term health effects
Other risk factors?
SLEEP!
Lack of sleep is associated with:
•Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, depression and cancer.
(CDC, 2009)
Vitamin D deficiency
Deficiency associated with: Increased risk of cancers, heart disease,
endocrine disorders, and osteoarthritis.
Vitamin D as prevention
Prevention
Prevent, prevent, prevent
But how????
Individual education / motivation Government policy Built environments
Ecological Model
Individual
Interpersonal
Institutional orOrganizational
Community
Public Policy
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