View
114
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Pós-Graduação em Língua InglesaOral Practice – Professor: Raquel Oliveira
Por: Rachel MouraSetembro/2012
TOPICS
introduction
speech production
conceptualization and formulation
articulation
self-monitoring and repair
automaticity
fluency
managing talking
The skill of speaking is complex and it involves:→ a command of certain skills;→ several types of knowledge;
_______________________________________
Speech production, in the way of utterance (sentences), is linear and happens in real time.It relies on spontaneity.
conceptualization and formulation
• discourse type• topic• purpose
Conceptualization
• discourse• sintax• vocabulary
Formulation
utterances and their parts
topic
• what is talking about – matter→ given information
comment
• what wants to say about the topic → something new
Pronunciation
intonation(pitch direction)
stress(prominence)
articulation
air lungs Vocal cords
tongue teeth lips
In the way of producing sounds, we use some organs.
conceptualization
articulation
formulation
Self-monitoring
formulation• Planning time – input process• utterances in a slow-down or
pause or re-phrasing.
articulation• Expressing time – output process• wrong word or pronunciation’s
correction
Immediate
correction
Retrace-and- repair
repairs
automaticity
fluency
articulation
Pre-fabricated
chunks
planning
automaticity
Pauses(natural / unnatural)
speed
syllabesblocks
fluency
Speakers use some production strategies (tricks)
pause fillers
vagueness expressions
repeats
Features of fluency
pauses
May be long, not frequent
Usually filled
Occur at meaningful
transiion points
Words and syllabes between
them
• Interaction
managing-talking
turns
engagement
• The fundamental rule is that the speakers have to respect the other’s turn, not both speaking at once in fact.
→ Long silences must to be avoided;
→ listen when other speakers are speaking.
Turn-taking
more rules
→ recognize your turn time and the other speaker’s turn.
→ signalling when you want to say something and also that you’re listening to.
→ holding the floor when it’s your turn
→ yelding the turn
discourse markers(speaker’s intention on a conversation)
paralinguistics
Gestures during the conversation (face-to-face) that confirm speaker’s intention.
On the phone, where we can’t see the other speaker’s face, expression, gestures, we have to rely on intonation, tempo and pausing, and still respecting the turn.
conceptualization
formulation
articulation
self-monitoring
speaking’s conclusions
FLUENCY
production strategies
automaticity
Recommended