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Children@20 yearsAn overview of child related policy development in the 20 year review
Mastoera Sadan National Planning Commission, The
Presidency
Overview
• Demographics• Household
Characteristics and living arrangements
• Child Poverty• Basic Services• Child Support Grant• Early Childhood
Development
Data Sources• Trends in respect of children between 1993 and
2011• Data large-scale national household surveys• Two at the beginning of period and two at the
end of the period• PSLSD – Project for Statistics on Living Standards
and Development (1993)• NIDS – National Income Dynamics Study (2008)• October Household Survey (1995)• General Household Survey (2011)
Journey since 1994
• The advent of democracy in 1994 presented the democratic government with the opportunity to change the trajectory of all children South Africa
• The Bill of Rights in the Constitution (1996) signalled the primacy of the rights of children in Section 28
• The South African government ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1995 and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in 2000
• Initial period law reform key feature of policy process• Numerous policy and programme interventions
Child share of the population by province, 1993-2011 (%)
1993 1995 2008 2011Eastern Cape 48.7 47.3 44.7 40.4
Free State 39.8 38.7 37.9 36.2
Gauteng 32.1 30.4 29.8 30.5
KwaZulu-Natal 47.0 43.0 43.0 39.6
Limpopo 50.6 51.0 44.4 42.6
Mpumalanga 43.0 43.6 39.4 40.2
Northern Cape 44.7 40.4 34.7 37.5
North West 39.6 40.9 35.5 36.6
Western Cape 34.2 35.4 30.2 32.6
Total 42.5 41.2 37.9 36.8
Household characteristics and living arrangements
Distribution of children by household type, 1993-2011 (%)
Source: PSLSD, OHS, NIDS, GHS
Child and adult distribution by area type
Source: NIDS 2008
Parental co-residence with children, 1993-2011
Source: PSLSD, OHS, NIDS, GHS
Child Poverty
Child Poverty rates 1993-20111993 poverty rates 2011 poverty rates
Adults Children Adults ChildrenPOVERTY LINE % % % %
H &Ö Upper bound 65.3 82.3 56.5 75.0
H &Ö Lower bound 48.3 67.9 37.7 56.4
StatsSA Upper bound 49.7 69.0 38.9 58.2
StatsSA Lower bound 40.1 59.5 28.3 44.4
$2-a-day 34.1 52.6 16.9 27.1$1.25-a-day 21.6 35.9 7.7 12.2
CHILD POPULATION: 16 137 000 18 541 000
Source: PSLSD, GHS
Child poverty rates by province, 1993-2011 (using Stats SA lower bound line)
Source: PSLSD, NIDS, GHS
Basic Services: Living environment
Percentage of children with access to piped water on dwelling site by province, 1993-2011 (%)
Source: PSLSD, OHS, NIDS, GHS
23
33
93
31
12
54
86
34
95
43
30
76
95
3436
66
90
48
93
54
38
93 94
47
41
76
87
66
90
63
32
92 92
51
43
6770
62
94
64
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
EC FS GT KZN LM MP NC NW WC RSA
1993 1995 2008 2011
Percentage of children with access to flush toilet on dwelling site by province, 1995-2011 (%)
18
25
84
27
6
15
79
22
88
33
19
36
91
27
10
30
61
23
83
37
26
65
92
17
11
46
75
42
90
45
28
69
88
28
13
30
62
40
91
47
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
EC FS GT KZN LM MP NC NW WC RSA
1993 1995 2008 2011
Source: PSLSD, OHS, NIDS, GHS
Child Support Grant
• Introduced in 1998• Paid to caregiver• Intended to form a
contribution to the costs of caring for young children
• Significant policy reform since introduction
Child grants
Total Number Of Child Grants For The Period 1997-2012Grant type 96/97 98/99 00/01 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12
Foster Child 42 999 46 496 66 967 83 574 120 571 195 454 317 434 400 503 454 199 474 759 510 760 512 874 536 747
Care Dependency
2 707 16 835 33 574 42 355 76 494 86 917 90 112 98 631 102 292 107 065 110 731 112 185 114 993
Child Support 21 997 1 111 612 1 998 936 2 996 723 4 165 545 7 075 266 7 863 841 8 189 975 8 765 354 9 570 287 10 371 950 10 927 731
Total 45 706 85 328 1212153 2124865 3314359 4447916 7800246 8362975 8746466 9347178 10191778 10997009 11579471
Source: Department of Social Development Socpen system
Policy issues CSG
• ensure children access the grant from birth, work with the Department of Health and Home Affairs to develop a system that is linked to birth registration
• improve take-rates for older children• examine the implementation process of the
CSG and learn the lessons from its successful implementation
Early Childhood Development
Early Childhood Development
• Increase in coverage over period, off a low base
• Increase in subsidy rate• Increase in number of children who access
ECD centres• However current model has limitations
Attendance at ECD service of children under six years by monthly household expenditure, 2011
(%)22
30
35
37
40
41
44
47
56
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Less than R200
R200-R399
R400-R799
R800-R1 199
R1 200-R1 799
R1 800-R2 499
R2 500-R4 999
R5 000-R9 999
10 000 or more
Policy and programme issues
• policy reform required to reconfigure the delivery model, the current model focuses on older children 3-5 years;
• develop options for interventions in the early years;
• develop a human resource strategy;• additional resources are required.
Conclusion• Significant progress, challenges remainInstitutional level• Improved intersectoral collaboration across
programmes;• Improved integrated service provision;• Improved collaboration across spheres of
government;• Improved collaboration with civil society;• A research strategy that focuses on children
across sectors;
Programme level
Child Support Grant • a system whereby children are registered at birth automatically qualify for CSG receipt;•Take-up rates for older children must be improved; Early Childhood Development •a suite of interventions must be developed to increase coverage, in particular for young children 0-3 years, with a focus on children in rural areas and those who live in informal settlements in urban areas;•the funding envelope must be increased over time;•a human resource strategy must be developed;
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