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The R-404A Challenge.
Commercial Opteon™
Refrigerant Solutions -
“The New Industry
Standard”
Mark HughesBusiness Development ManagerOpteon™ Refrigerants
Opteon™
Refrigerants
• Intro
• Chemours™ – The Chemical Company
• F Gas Regulations and Market Consequences
• The size of the problem and possible solutions
• Opteon™ solutions - A1 commercial HFO blends
• Opteon™ XP40 - Results and market progress
• Why the Industry standard?
March 2, 2016 2
Agenda
• A start-up with more than 200 years of experiences
• More than 6000 Employees Serving over 5000 customers in 130 countries
• Excellent portfolio, divided into TiO2, Fluoroproducts and Chemical Solutions
F-Gas II - (EU) 517/ 2014 N
ew
Eq
uipm
en
t
Serv
ic
e B
an
s
HFC
Ph
ased
ow
n
The Three Pillars Of F-Gas II
EU-Regulation(EU) 517/ 2014
• Service Ban (Control of use in article 13 (3))
Jan 2020 STOP of HFC and HFC-containing (GWP>2500) above
40t of CO2-e (e.g. >10,2kg R404A); means Supermarkets,
industrial Refrigeration, larger food stores, etc.
•Exceptions:a. Military Equipment
b. Applications with product temp <-50°C, e.g. R23/ R508
c. Recycled/ Reclaimed HFCs with GWP>2500 is allowed until
end of 2029
EU F-Gas II: Drivers for Low GWP
Pre-charge impact
Cap reduction impact
GWP (AR4)
404A 3922
407A 2107
407F 1825
134a 1430
XP40 1397
GWP Limits GWP Limit
New 2500
Service 2500> 10kg 404A
GWP Limit
New centralized >40kW 150
New centralized >40kWPrimary of cascade
1500
Drivers for low GWP 404A replacements:
• Cap/reduction supply & price pressures on 404A
• GWP limits ban 404A
PrechargeVolume
PrechargeVolume
PrechargeVolume
PrechargeVolume
= required CO2-equivalents for precharged equipment (ca. 12 %)
The potential solutions (1)
– Not-In-Kind refrigerants
• Many large end users have a program for new install
• A lot of “noise” in the market but what are the facts?
• Must play a part but the drawbacks limit speed and spread of
implementation
8
Can 100% of the market go to “naturals” to meet
the cap?
• xx
Confidential
“Natural” refrigerants
Use constraints Market Use
CO2
• New systems only.• Retrofit not possible (high pressure).• Inefficient in high ambient climates.
• Good choice for supermarket low T in cascade with HFC for med T – use growing in EU.
• 100% CO2 systems only practical in N.EU.
hydrocarbons
• New systems only.• Very small charge size only; retrofit not
allowed (highly flammable; codes/standards).
• Common choice for hermetically sealed small refrigeration/freezing equipment.
• Growing use for some low T freezing in discount supermarkets in EU.
ammonia• New systems only; retrofit not allowed
(flammable, toxicity, codes/standards).• Non-public areas.
• Common for industrial refrigeration.
• “Naturals” not possible/practical for retrofit, top-up of installed systems.• “Naturals” have constraints for range of new equipment use – safety, cost, codes/standards.• Limited industry capacity & skilled contractors for installed base replacement with “Natural”
equipment.
Lower GWP HFO blends required to meet the CAP
Theoretically YES……….practically NO !
0
20
40
60
80
100
2010 Intended Effect ofPhasedown by 2030
Phasedown but with -10% Energy Efficiency
2030
Car
bo
n D
ioxi
de
Eq
uiv
alen
t Em
issi
on
s
Refrigerant Energy
Energy Efficiency will be the major Environmental Concern
Loss of 10% in Energy Efficiency=Loss of all benefits of eliminating HFCs
If Energy Efficiency Decreases by 10%
If Energy Efficiency is Maintained
Source: EPEE Bangkok presentation 27.06.2013
The potential solutions (2)
– “Lower” GWP HFCs
• 407A/407F are offered for retrofit or new install
• Large marketing effort has influenced uptake
• Proven energy savings versus R-404A
• Lower GWP than R-404A
• 407F has issues with high discharge temperature
• GWP level means likely to have to replace in future
• Only an interim solution
Prognosis for Commercial Sector into 2030
Criteria: Retail vs. Cond. units is 50%-50%; refrigerant decrease of 0,5%/ year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Vol. [ kt ] CO2-eq [ Mill t CO2-eq ]
19kt
68 Mill t
15,5kt11,1 Mill t
HFC/ HFO-Refrigerants in Commercial Refrigeration
2010
2030
Others
HFO
R32
R404A/ 507
ISCEON™ MO29
Opteon™ XP10
R407A/F
Opteon™ XP40 R134a
R410A
R407C
Recycled
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
GW
P (
AR
4)
CO2 Equivalent (Million tonnes)
2015
Sustainability of F Gases in EU
~ 2000 GWP
Other
HFO
R32
Opteon™ XL41
R407A/F
Opteon™ XP40
Opteon™ XP10
B250
R134a
R407C
Recycled
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
GW
P (
AR
4)
CO2 Equivalent (Million tonnes)
2030*
~ 2000 GWP
Sustainability of F Gases in EU
* SKM Enviros & DuPont assuming the quantity of refrigerant used remains constant
OthersHFO
R32
Opteon™ XL41
R407A/F
Opteon™ XP40
Opteon™ XP10
Opteon™ XL40 &Opteon™ XL20
R134a
R407C
Recycled
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
-5 0 5 10 15 20
GW
P (
AR
4)
CO2 Equivalent (Million tonnes)
2030
- 80 %
~ 400 GWP
~ 2000 GWP
Sustainability of F Gases in EU
17
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2015 2030
HFC/HFO Reclaim Other
Vo
lum
e as
a p
erce
nta
ge o
f 2
01
5 H
FC/H
FO V
olu
me
Relative Volumes (Tonnes Product) represented as a Percentage of the 2015 HFC/HFO Volume
The Immediate Problem (1)
Large banks of installed R-404A/R-507A
Equipment still being installed on R-404A
R-404A is today still a cheap option and widely used
The market does not understand what is coming
Inertia from end users and contractors – EU wide
Confusion in the market - R-???
Refrigerant SelectionBest Balance of Properties for each Application
Safety and
Sustainability
Cost to UsePerformance
Zero-ODP, Low-GWP, Favorable LCCPFavorable Toxicity
No or Low Flammability
First Cost + Operating
= Total Cost to Use **
** Impacted by maturity of technology
System Energy Efficiency
+Capacity
Timing of CommercialAvailability
“Non-FGas” are best sometimes; not always.HFOs are necessary for
cost-effective, safe transition.
NOW
Low GWP Options - HFOs
•HFO-1234yf CF3CF=CH2
Unique properties:
Stable in operating system
Not stable in atmosphere = low GWP
Efficient performance
CFC Chloro-Fluoro-Carbon
HCFC Hydro-Chloro-Fluoro-Carbon
HFC Hydro-Fluoro-Carbon
HFO Hydro-Fluoro-Olefin
A long term solution
– HFO blends – why?
• GWPs low enough to be maintained under the cap
• A range of products for different applications
• Formulated to give best balance of properties
• Can use in existing equipment
• Easier to handle than Not-In-Kind refrigerants
Opteon® Refrigerants
The Future is Clear
Opteon™ Refrigerants
Refrigerant GWP*Flammability
Class (ASHRAE)**
Commercially
AvailableApplication Area
Opteon™ XP10(R-513A)
631(573)
1 YESRefrigeration & AC replacing R134a
in DX and flooded systems
Opteon™ XP40(R-449A)
1397 (1282)
1 YESMedium & Low Temperature
Refrigeration
Opteon™ XP44(R-452A)
2141(1945)
1 YESTransport Refrigeration and small LT
hermetics
Opteon™ YF(R-1234yf)
4 (1)
2L YESAutomotive AC & Small Charge
Refrigeration
Opteon™ XL20(R454C***, DR-3)
148(146)
2L Planned 2016Small Hermetic Medium and Low
Temperature Refrigeration
Opteon™ XL40(R-454A, DR-7)
239 (238)
2L Planned 2016Small non-Hermetic Medium and
Low Temperature Refrigeration
Opteon™ XL41(R-454B, DR-5A)
466(467)
2L Planned 2016 AC Replacement for R-410A
Opteon™ XL55(R-452B***, DR-55)
698(676)
2L Planned 2016AC Replacement for R-410A(Preferred R-410A replacement for Trane)
*Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report 4 (AR4) values used for EU F-Gas Legislation. IPCC Assessment Report 5 (AR5) values given in brackets for comparison.**ASHRAE Flammability class 2L must be used in accordance with the current codes and standards e.g. EN-378.*** Preliminary assignment and classification
©
• Replaces R134a
• ASHRAE #: R-513A
• HFC/HFO blend: R1234yf / R134a (56% / 44%)
• ODP: Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
• GWP: 631 (AR4)
• ASHRAE safety: A1 non-flammable
• Glide: 0K (Azeotrope)
• Can be topped off while servicing (do not mix with R-134a)
• Compatible with POE lubricants
• Compressor approvals: Bitzer, Emerson, many others in progress
Opteon™ XP10
Opteon™ XP10 – Competitive Benchmark
Calculations using Bitzer Software (v.6.4.3 rev1302) in 4FES-3Y Reciprocating compressor, at 40ºC Condensing Temperature
27
Capacity
C.O.P.
Opteon™ XP10
R134a
R450A
+ 23 %
28
Opteon™ XP10 Evaluation in Supermarket Hybrid System
Retrofitted from R-134a Medium Temp;
CO2 in Low Temp
Running for >three years
Opteon™ XP10 – Approved by Trane
Trane Announced the use of Opteon™ XP10 for EcoWise Chillers in January 2015
• Replaces R404A
• ASHRAE #: R-449A
• HFC/HFO blend: R32 / R125 / R1234yf / R134a (24.3%/24.7%/25.3%/25.7%)
• ODP: Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
• GWP: 1397 (AR4)
• ASHRAE safety: A1 non-flammable
• Glide: ~4-5K
• Can be topped off while servicing (do not mix with R-404A)
• Compatible with POE lubricants
• Compressor approvals: Bitzer, Emerson, Frascold, Dorin
Opteon™ XP40
R-407F Base Data gathered from July to November 2013
Opteon®XP40 Data Measured from November 2013 until June 2014
Medium (100 kW) and Low temperature (14 kW) Racks Monitored
Copeland Compressors (MT = 1x D4DH-250 50-100% & 2x D4DA-200x,
LT = 1x D3DC-100 & 2x D3DA-75X
Danfoss ADAP-Kool Controller and electronic expansion valves
3/2/2016 33
Ahold, Marum, Netherlands Retrofit from R407F to Opteon® XP40
34
Toutside (ºC)Power consumption of Opteon® XP40 vs R407F
13 -0.4%18 -7.5%
24 -11.4%
Medium Temperature – Power Consumption vs Outside Temperature
35
Low Temperature – Power Consumption vs Outside Temperature
Toutside (ºC)Power consumption of Opteon® XP40 vs R407F
10 -3.4%15 -5.5%
20 -5.5%
36
Toutside (ºC)Tdischarge of Opteon®
XP40 vs R407F10 -7.5 K15 -7.9 K20 -8.2 K
LT– Maximum Compressor Discharge vs Outside Temperature
37
Italian Supermarket – Medium Temp Cascaded with LT CO2
Compressor Model Quantity Range Capacity / W
1 HSK 6451-50 1 –15/°+45°C 83200
2 HSK 6451-50 1 –15°/+45°C 83200
3 HSK 6451-50 1 –15°/+45°C 83200
4 HSK 6451-50 1 –15°/+45°C 83200
5 HSK 6451-50 1 –15°/+45°C 83200
6 HSK 7471-90 1 –15°/+45°C 105500
Total Capacity / W 521500
Margin relative to requirement / W 57412 (11,01%)
Cabinet & Expansion Valve Models
Compressor Models (Bitzer Screw)
40
Belgian Supermarket Retrofit
2 Medium Temperature (MT) Racks each with 2 Bitzer 4J-22.2Y (35kW) compressors.Rack A has an expected maximum load of 46kW and Rack B an expected maximum load of 73kW.
The Low Temperature (LT) rack (Rack D) has 3 Bitzer 4NCS-12.2Y (8.63 kW) compressors with cooling fans fitted and an expected maximum load of 24kW.
47 cabinets (35 MT and 12 LT) with 10 cold rooms (8MT, 2LT) operating on the racks. All the cabinets and cold rooms use Danfoss (TE) thermostatic expansion valves.
Click to edit Master title styleDaily & Cumulative Power Consumption for Days with Similar Temperatures
New installation – CoOp convenience stores
March 2, 2016 45
• Opteon™ XP40 chosen for new stores in Lincoln CoOp
• One third the GWP of R-404A
• Lower GWP than interims such as R-407A/F
• Chosen as a long term solution for equipment lifetime
• Finalist – Environmental Project of the Year
ACR News Awards 2016
• „In both product types – Frigolink and Frigoentry –the new refrigerant Opteon® XP40 (R449A) will be fully supported & included in the near future.“
Opteon® XP40 - Approvals
Opteon™ Refrigerants
Refrigerant GWP*Flammability
Class (ASHRAE)**
Commercially
AvailableApplication Area
Opteon™ XP10(R-513A)
631(573)
1 YESRefrigeration & AC replacing R134a
in DX and flooded systems
Opteon™ XP40(R-449A)
1397 (1282)
1 YESMedium & Low Temperature
Refrigeration
Opteon™ XP44(R-452A)
2141(1945)
1 YESTransport Refrigeration and small LT
hermetics
Opteon™ YF(R-1234yf)
4 (1)
2L YESAutomotive AC & Small Charge
Refrigeration
Opteon™ XL20(R454C***, DR-3)
148(146)
2L Planned 2016Small Hermetic Medium and Low
Temperature Refrigeration
Opteon™ XL40(R-454A, DR-7)
239 (238)
2L Planned 2016Small non-Hermetic Medium and
Low Temperature Refrigeration
Opteon™ XL41(R-454B, DR-5A)
466(467)
2L Planned 2016 AC Replacement for R-410A
Opteon™ XL55(R-452B***, DR-55)
698(676)
2L Planned 2016AC Replacement for R-410A(Preferred R-410A replacement for Trane)
*Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report 4 (AR4) values used for EU F-Gas Legislation. IPCC Assessment Report 5 (AR5) values given in brackets for comparison.**ASHRAE Flammability class 2L must be used in accordance with the current codes and standards e.g. EN-378.*** Preliminary assignment and classification
©
• Replaces R404A/R507A
• ASHRAE #: R-452A
• HFC/HFO blend: R32 / R125 / R1234yf (11% / 59% / 30%)
• ODP: Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
• GWP: 2140 (AR4)
• ASHRAE safety: A1 non-flammable
• Glide: 3-4K
• Can be topped off while servicing (do not mix with R-404A)
• Compatible with POE lubricants
• Compressor approvals: Frascold, many others in progress
• Applications: High compressor discharge temperature e.g. transport.
Opteon™ XP44
51
Opteon™ XP44 Performance Comparison
Tcond = 40ºC, Compressor isentropic efficiency = 0.7, evaporator superheat = 5K, total subcooling = 5K, suction line superheat = (Tcond-10-Tevap)*0.35
Capacity, COP and Compressor Discharge temperatures are almost identical to R404A. Ideal for Applications where low compressor discharge temperatures are essential.
53
Transport Refrigeration – Opteon™ XP44 (R452A)
Carrier Transicold has announced at the CV Show that it will offer R452A as an optional alternative to the existing R404A refrigerant. R452A has the same cooling capacity, fuel efficiency, reliability and refrigerant charge as R404A, but offers a 45 per cent GWP reduction.
Over 200 supermarkets already Retrofitted in Europe. Germany , Netherlands, Spain , Italy, Belgium, Austria, UK,
Greece, Sweden ...
Different makes of compressors and operating modes and technologies such as MT , LT, cascade systems…
More than 1000 installations using Opteon™ XP40 by
the end of 2016.
Minor or no adjustments made and no component or
oil changes needed.
To date all retrofits to Opteon® XP40 have shown an
improvement in refrigeration system power
consumption compared with R-404A/ R-507A and R-
407F.
Many more projects with major supermarkets and
other refrigeration applications are in progress.
Commercial Refrigeration - Opteon™ XP40
57
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