Chemistry for Dummies - anderson1.org · Chemistry for Dummies Author: Carson, Toni - POWDERSVILLE...

Chemistry 101

Matter - Anything that takes up space and has mass. Law of Conservation of Matter / Mass - Matter is never created nor destroyed, BUT its form can change. Forms of matter : solid, liquid, gas.

Which shows the

molecules of matter

as a solid, liquid

and gas?

Atoms – smallest particle of matter , building block of matter.

Electrons

Negative

charge (-)

Nucleus:

Protons:

Positive (+)

charge

Neutrons:

Neutral

charge

Parts of an Atom Example of a Nitrogen atom

Nucleus:

Protons : + charged

Neutrons : Neutral

Electrons : - charges

Atomic Mass = # of Protons + # of Neutrons

Atomic Number = # of Protons # of Electrons = # of Protons

Which is smaller, an atom or molecule?

Element – A substance made of one atom that cannot be

broken down into any other substance.

Elements are found on the Periodic Table

(Ex. Carbon, Oxygen )

@110 known elements Element Song

Physical Properties (Characteristics) –

Usually visible - How something looks, smells, sounds,

or tastes are all examples of physical properties.

• Melting Point –temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid.

– Ice melts at 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit.

• Boiling Point –temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas and forms bubbles.

– Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

• Density – Heaviness or mass of volume & will stay the same no matter how large or small.

– Ex. Lead is heavy and dense / Aluminum is lighter and less dense.

• Color – Distinctive and can be used to describe a substance.

Argon

Ar

Melting Point:

-308.74 °F

Boiling Point:

-302.8 °F

Sodium

Na

Melting Point: 207.9 °F

Boiling Point: 1621 °F

COPPER

Cu

Melting Pt: 1981.4 °F

Boiling Pt: 4652.6 °F

Chemical Properties –can only

be recognized when substances

react chemically with one another.

• Ability to rust – reacts with oxygen and

water slowly.

• Ability to burn – reacts with oxygen

quickly and releases heat and light energy.

The matter has NOT been destroyed when they

rust or burn, the form has just changed!!!!

Review

• 1. Which kind of property can you normally

observe using your senses?

• 2. What are 2 chemical properties?

• 3. The heaviness of an item is known as

____________.

• 4. The temperature at which a solid turns

to a liquid is known as the _________

point of that substance.

Compounds –

Separated by

chemical

means

Heterogeneous

Elements

Mixture – separated by physical

means

Pure Substances

Matter Solid, liquid, gas

• Compound – A substance made of 2 or

more different elements that can only be

separated chemically.

(Ex. Carbon Dioxide, Water)

– Molecule – 2 or more atoms that combine.

Which is an element

and which is a

compound? 1. Silver Metal 2. Table Salt

3. Oxygen 4. Stainless Steel

5. Iron 6. Water

Compounds –

Separated by

chemical

means

Heterogeneous

Elements

Mixture – separated by physical

means

Pure Substances

Matter Solid, liquid, gas

Define:

Mixture -

–Heterogeneous Mixture-

–Homogeneous Mixture- •Solution -

• Mixture – 2 or more substances put

together physically.

– (Ex. Salad, mixed beans,

Kool-aid)

Compounds –

Separated by

chemical

means

Heterogeneous

Elements

Mixture – separated by physical

means

Pure Substances

Matter Solid, liquid, gas

• heterogeneous mixture - the substances are not mixed evenly

Heterogeneous Mixtures

The substances in a

heterogeneous mixture

are usually easy to tell apart.

• A homogeneous mixture contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed & can’t easily be seen.

• A type of homogeneous mixture is a solution.

Homogeneous Mixtures

Solutions - mixtures

where 1 substance is

dissolved into another.

•In a hummingbird feeder solution, the solute is the sugar and the solvent is water.

Define solute and solvent.

Homogeneous or

heterogeneous?

1. Chicken soup 2. Creamy peanut butter

3. Vegetable soup 4. Jello

5. Coffee 6. Smog

Atoms form Molecules

Classify the following

as an element,

compound, or mixture: 1. Gold ring 2. Sugar

3. Salad dressing 4. Helium

5. Sand

Intermission

• 1. Anything that takes up space and has mass is known as ______________.

• 2. Everything living and non-living is made of ______.

• 3. How are compounds formed?

• 4. How are elements formed?

• 5. The only way compounds can be changed is by __________ changes.

Intermission

• 6. A mixture where the substances are not

mixed evenly is known as a

heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?

• 7. A solution is a type of _______ mixture.

• 8. If you mixed Koolaid, which part would

the water be considered?