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Chemical Reactions. Observing Chemical Reactions. Evidence: The colour changes Bubbles A gas is produced The mixture gets hotter (EXOTHERMIC) or colder (ENDOTHERMIC) 4) A solid (PRECIPITATE) forms from two aqueous solutions. Observing Chemical Reactions. Evidence: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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? Chemical Reactions
? Observing Chemical Reactions
Evidence:1) The colour changes2) Bubbles A gas is produced3) The mixture gets hotter (EXOTHERMIC)or colder (ENDOTHERMIC) 4) A solid (PRECIPITATE) forms from two
aqueous solutions
? Observing Chemical Reactions
Evidence:1) The colour changes2) Bubbles A gas is produced3) The mixture gets hotter (EXOTHERMIC)or colder (ENDOTHERMIC) 4) A solid (PRECIPITATE) forms from two aqueous solutions
Dissolved in water
? Demo’s
What evidence is there that a chemical reaction has occurred?
? Representing Chemical Reactions
In a chemical reaction, one or more substances change to produce new substances.
• The starting materials are called REACTANTS and the
materials you finish with are called the PRODUCTS. • A plus + sign is used between a list of different
reactants and products. • An arrow is used between the reactants and products
to show that the reactants get turned into the products.
? Word Equations
A word equation describes a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products.
Examples: Hydrogen + Oxygen water Acetylene + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
? Word Equations
A word equation describes a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products.
Examples: Hydrogen + Oxygen water
Acetylene + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
Reactants
Reactants
Products
Products
? Practice
Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each.
1) Aluminum metal combines with chlorine gas to make aluminum chloride.
? Practice
Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each.
1) Aluminum metal combines with chlorine gas to make aluminum chloride.
aluminum + chlorine aluminum chloride
? Practice
Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each.
2) Magnesium metal combines with nitrogen gas to make magnesium
nitride.
? Practice
Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each.
2) Magnesium metal combines with nitrogen gas to make magnesium
nitride.
magnesium + nitrogen magnesium nitride
? Practice
Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each.
3) Calcium chloride and sodium sulfide solutions are mixed. A precipitate of calcium sulfide and sodium chloride solution is made.
? Practice
Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each.
3) Calcium chloride and sodium sulfide solutions are mixed. A precipitate of calcium sulfide and sodium chloride solution is made.
Calcium chloride + sodium sulfide calcium sulfide + sodium chloride
? Chemical Equations
A chemical equation is a short hand way of representing a chemical change in which chemical formulas are used for the reactants and products.
? States for Substances
The states for the substances may be included using the following symbols:
State Symbol Meaning(s) Solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aqueous
? Examples
H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O (l)
C2H2 (g)+ O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
? Reminders
• Don’t forget the diatomic elements: Hydrogen H2 Fluorine F2 Oxygen O2 Chlorine Cl2Nitrogen N2 Bromine Br2
Iodine I2
Don’t forget to criss-cross the numbers in the ions to
make the subscripts in the compounds.
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
1) sodium + chlorine sodium chloride
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
1) sodium + chlorine sodium chlorideNa+ Cl-
diatomic
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
1) sodium + chlorine sodium chlorideNa+ Cl-
Na + Cl2 NaCl
diatomic
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
2) fluorine + calcium bromide bromine + calcium fluoride
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
2) fluorine + calcium bromide bromine + calcium fluoride diatomic diatomic
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
2) fluorine + calcium bromide bromine + calcium fluoride diatomic diatomic
Ca2+ Br- Ca2+ F-
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
2) fluorine + calcium bromide bromine + calcium fluoride
F2 + CaBr2 Br2 + CaF2
diatomic diatomicCa2+ Br- Ca2+ F-
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
3) barium sulfide + potassium iodide barium iodide + potassium sulfide
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
3) barium sulfide + potassium iodide barium iodide + potassium sulfide
Ba2+ I-K+ I-Ba2+ S2- K+ S2-
? Examples
Translate the following word equations into chemical equations:
3) barium sulfide + potassium iodide barium iodide + potassium sulfide
BaS + KI BaI2 + K2S
Ba2+ I-K+ I-Ba2+ S2- K+ S2-
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