Chemical Bonding

Chemical BondingChemical Bonding

IONIC BONDIONIC BONDbond formed between bond formed between

two ions by the two ions by the transfer transfer of electronsof electrons

Ionic BondIonic Bond

Between atoms of Between atoms of metalsmetals and and nonmetalsnonmetals

Bond formed by Bond formed by transfertransfer of electrons of electrons Produce charged ions Produce charged ions

– Examples; NaCl, CaClExamples; NaCl, CaCl22, K, K22OO

COVALENT BONDCOVALENT BONDbond formed by the bond formed by the sharing sharing of electronsof electrons

Covalent BondCovalent Bond

Between Between nonmetallicnonmetallic elements elements Formed by Formed by sharingsharing electron pairs electron pairs Stable Stable

– Examples; OExamples; O22, CO, CO22, C, C22HH66, H, H22O, SiCO, SiC

METALLIC BONDMETALLIC BONDbond found in bond found in

metals; holds metal metals; holds metal atoms together atoms together

very stronglyvery strongly

Metallic BondMetallic Bond

Formed between atoms of Formed between atoms of metallicmetallic elementselements

Electron cloud Electron cloud around atoms around atoms Sea of ElectronsSea of Electrons Good conductors at all states, Good conductors at all states,

lustrous, very high melting pointslustrous, very high melting points– Examples; Na, Fe, Al, Au, CoExamples; Na, Fe, Al, Au, Co

Metallic Bond, Metallic Bond, A Sea of A Sea of ElectronsElectrons

STOP!STOP!Now you do this….Now you do this….

You are going to make and You are going to make and fill out the following chartfill out the following chart

Don’t write Don’t write thisthis slide slide

Compare and Contrast BondsCompare and Contrast Bonds

Name of Bond(ionic, metallic, covalent)

Type of Elements involved (metal, non-metal)

Electron Activity (share, transfer, sea)

Analogy(make up your own)

What is an ELEMENT?What is an ELEMENT?o A substance A substance

composed of a composed of a single kind of single kind of atom.atom.

o Cannot be broken Cannot be broken down into another down into another substance by substance by chemical or chemical or physical means.physical means.

What is an ELEMENT?What is an ELEMENT?o Plural for atomsPlural for atomso Pure- one type of Pure- one type of

atom onlyatom only

********AtomsAtoms: smallest : smallest piece possiblepiece possible

What is a COMPOUND?What is a COMPOUND?

o A substance in A substance in which two or which two or more different more different elements are elements are CHEMICALLY CHEMICALLY bonded bonded together.together.

What is a COMPOUND?What is a COMPOUND?

o More than one type of More than one type of element bonded element bonded together.together.

o Why form a Why form a Compound?Compound?o More stableMore stableo Lower Energy LevelLower Energy Levelo Gain/lose, share Gain/lose, share

electrons to get thereelectrons to get there

What is a Molecule?What is a Molecule?o Smallest part of a Smallest part of a

compound and still compound and still have those have those propertiesproperties

o ***Smallest Group of ***Smallest Group of atoms that are atoms that are bonded togetherbonded together

o Like:Like:O

H H

o If broken further If broken further it becomes it becomes Hydrogen and Hydrogen and Oxygen, NOT Oxygen, NOT waterwater

What is a MIXTURE?What is a MIXTURE?

o Two or more Two or more substances substances that are mixed that are mixed together but together but are NOT are NOT chemically chemically bonded.bonded.

Why do elements bond?Why do elements bond?

Become more stableBecome more stable– Looking to gain electrons (#5-7)Looking to gain electrons (#5-7)– Looking to lose electrons (#1-3)Looking to lose electrons (#1-3)

Lower energy level to bond than to Lower energy level to bond than to stay by itselfstay by itself

Quiz TimeQuiz Time

You do not have to write You do not have to write all thisall this

For each, on your hand For each, on your hand hold up: hold up:

1 finger – element1 finger – element

2 fingers – compound2 fingers – compound

3 fingers - mixture3 fingers - mixture

Element, Compound or Element, Compound or Mixture?Mixture?

33

Mixture:Mixture:

Why?? More than 1 kind of Why?? More than 1 kind of atom and it is atom and it is notnot bonded bonded

Element, Compound or Element, Compound or Mixture?Mixture?

22

Compound:Compound:

Why? Different atoms are Why? Different atoms are bonded togetherbonded together

Element, Compound or Element, Compound or Mixture?Mixture?

33Compound Mixture:Compound Mixture:

Why? More than one kind Why? More than one kind of atom (even though of atom (even though

some are bonded some are bonded together- not all are)together- not all are)

Element, Compound or Element, Compound or Mixture?Mixture?

11

Element:Element:

Why? Only one kind of Why? Only one kind of particle and NOT bondedparticle and NOT bonded

Element, Compound or Element, Compound or Mixture?Mixture?

22

Compound: Compound:

Why? More than one kind Why? More than one kind of particle, bonded with of particle, bonded with

anotheranother

Element, Compound or Element, Compound or Mixture?Mixture?

11

Element:Element:

Why? One kind of atom Why? One kind of atom bonded together. It is a bonded together. It is a

group of the same kind of group of the same kind of atomsatoms