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Chapter ThreeSection 3
Behaviors:Innate
• Humans walk on two legs.
• Whales swim at birth.
• Puppies chew.
Learned• Humans learn and
develop language.• Dogs can be
disciplined (sit, stay, roll-over).
• Service animals!
Survival Behaviors• Marking territoryBirds singing, animals spraying, scratching
• ParentingHumans, whales, elephants, dogs raise their young
• CourtshipFinding a mate, attracting a mate, movements/sounds
• DefensiveGrowling, fighting, rabbit (camo!)
• Finding food– Predator/prey– Gathering– Using tools
Frigate Birds make an incredible mating dance and song to attract a mate. Here is a male puffing its chest and gobbling for a mate.Location: Galapagos, Ecuador
THE BATTLE AT KRUGER
• The video was shot in September 2004.• Kruger National Park is in Zimbabwe/South Africa.
Seasonal Behaviors
MigrationBirds, insects, large herd animals
Wildebeest
Hibernation and EstivationStriped Turtle hibernates.
Hibernation is a period of inactivity
in the winter months. Body
functions slow and internal
temperature drops.
Spadefoot toad estivates.
Estivation is a period of inactivity in the
summer/dry months in desert animals. These
animals will burrow into the ground to stay cool
and keep their moisture.
How to animals know when to migrate?
1. Length of daylight2. Temperature
Chapter ThreeSection 4:
Adaptations and Survival
Adaptations: any characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to be
SUCCESSFULA chameleon’s tounge (to catch fast moving prey)A woodpecker’s beak(to mark territory as in the clip, and also drill into tree trunks for prey)A gecko’s camoflaugethis one is awesome, too
A raven’s cleverness (kind of a gross clip, but AWESOME in showing how intelligence is an adaptation)A honeysuckle adapting to match a hummingbird moth for pollination
Similar adaptations can lead to a:GENETIC BOTTLENECK
Example of bottleneck in the U.S.FLORIDA PANTHER
Causes:• Populations isolated
from one another• Habitat loss• Overall decrease in
population due to hunting and interactions with humans
Effects:• Population is
genetically similar (related to one another)
• Inbreeding occurred• Low birth rate, genetic
issues, failure of reproductive organs, heart defects
How can the Florida Panther be helped at this point?
NATURAL SELECTION1. Overproduction: More offspring are born than will
live to become adults2. Genetic Variation within a Population: The
individuals in a population are different from one another
3. Struggle to Survive: Predation and other environmental pressures make “success” a challenge.
4. Success: Reproduction occurs amongst individuals that were strong enough, lucky enough and had the right set of genetic circumstances to survive.
1. Overproduction: More offspring are born than will live to become adults
2. Genetic Variation within a Population: The individuals in a population are
different from one another
3. Struggle to Survive: Predation and other environmental pressures
make “success” a challenge
4. Success: Reproduction occurs
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