Chapter Seven DDL

Chapter SevenDDL

Objectives• Insert Data into tables

• Create Query files to insert data into tables

• Make changes to the data in the tables

• Extract data from tables and insert them into another table

• Delete rows from tables

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CREATE TABLE student ( First VARCHAR2(40),Last VARCHAR2(30),ID NUMBER

CONSTRAINT ID_CK CHECK (ID>11111 AND

ID<99999),GPA NUMBER(3,2) DEFAULT 0,B_Date DATE,Major CHAR(4)

);

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Inserting New Rows into a Table:

(General format)• INSERT INTO table (col1, col2, ...)

VALUES (value1, value2, .... );

Or

•  INSERT INTO table(col1, col2, col3,….)`Subquery;

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Inserting a New Row

• Add a New Student with ID=123456 and Name= Sarah, GPA=0.0, and no Major:

• INSERT INTO Student (Name, ID, GPA)

VALUES ('Sarah', 123456, 0.0 );

Or

• INSERT INTO Student (Name, ID, GPA, Major)

VALUES ('Sarah', 123456, 0.0, NULL);

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Inserting a New Row With no Column Names:

INSERT INTO Student

VALUES ('Sarah', 123456, 0.0, NULL, NULL);

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Inserting Special Values:

INSERT INTO student (Id, Name, B_date, Gpa)

VALUES (234567, ‘GREEN’, SYSDATE, 3.90);

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Inserting a Date Value:

INSERT INTO student (Id, Name, B_date,

GPA)

VALUES (22222, ‘BULUE’, ’03-JAN-79’, 2.90);

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Inserting a Date Value:

INSERT INTO

student (Id, Name, B_date, GPA)

VALUES

(22222, ‘BULUE’, TO_DATE(‘JAN 03, 79’, ‘MON DD,YY’), 2.90);

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Inserting a Date Value:

INSERT INTO

student (Id, Name, B_date, GPA)

VALUES

(22222, ‘BULUE’, TO_DATE(’03/01/1979 2:30’, ‘DD/MM/YYYY HH:MI’), 2.90);

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Inserting With Default Value:

• INSERT INTO student (Id, Name, b_date,

GPA) • VALUES (22222, ‘BULUE’, ‘JAN 03,

79’,DEFAULT);

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Inserting Values By Using Substitution Variables:

INSERT INTO student (Id, Name, Gpa) VALUES (&student_id, ‘&student_name’, &Gpa_input);

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Creating a script customized prompts:

ACCEPT studentId PROMPT ‘Please enter a student ID: ‘;

ACCEPT studentName PROMPT ‘Please enter a student Name: ‘;

ACCEPT GpaInput PROMPT ‘Please enter a Gpa: ‘;

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Creating a script customized prompts:

INSERT INTO

student (Id, Name, Gpa)

VALUES

(&studentId,‘&studentName’, &GpaInput);

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Inserting Rows Using Subquery:

Create a Temp Table to Store COSC Students

INSERT INTO Temp (Name, ID, GPA)

(SELECT Name, ID, GPA FROM StudentWHERE Major='COSC');

• Note: you must have Temp table created before inserting data into it.

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INSERT INTO student (ID,NAME, B_Date, GPA)VALUES (22222, ’BULUE’, ’03-JAN-79’,2.90);

The following has the same effect:

INSERT INTO(SELECT ID, Name, B_Date, GPA FROM student)

VALUES (22222,’BULUE’, ’03-JAN-79’,2.90);

Insertion:

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Inserting Rows With a Hint:

INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO Temp

(Name, ID, GPA) (SELECT Name, ID, GPA

FROM Student

WHERE Major='COSC');

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Inserting with Error Logging Table:

EXECUTE DBMS_ERRLOG.CREATE_ERROR_LOG(‘Temp2’, ’errlog’);

INSERT INTO Temp2SELECT Name, ID*100FROM studentWHERE GPA > 2.0LOG ERRORS INTO errlog (‘bad_data’)REJECT LIMIT 10;

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Inserting with Error Logging Table:

SELECT ORA_ERR_MESG$, ORA_ERR_TAG$, Name, IDFROM errlog;

ORA_ERR_MESG$ ORA_ERR_TAG$ Name ID-----------------------------------------------------------------------ORA-02290:Check Constraint bad_data John Smith 11115

SYS_C004266 violated

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INSERT INTO student@remote (ID, Name, B_Date, GPA)

VALUES (22222, ‘BULUE’, ‘3-JAN-79’, 2.90)

Insert into remote database:

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SELECT Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale, Mon_Sale, Tue_Sale, Wed_Sale,Thu_Sale, Fri_Sale, Sat_Sale,

Sun_SaleFROM Weekly_Sales;

Product_ID Customer_ID Weekly_Sale Mon_Sale Tue_Sale-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

111 999 01-JAN-05 100 200222 888 08-JAN-05 300 400

Wed_Sale Thu_Sale Fri_Sale Sat_Sale Sun_Sale----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 300 400 500 600 700 500 600 700 800 900

Multitable Inserts:

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Multitable Inserts:INSERT ALL

INTO Sales (P_ID, C_ID, Day, Amount)VALUES (Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale,

Mon_Sale)

INTO Sales (P_ID, C_ID, Day, Amount)VALUES (Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale+1,

Tue_Sale)

INTO Sales (P_ID, C_ID, Day, Amount)VALUES (Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale+2,

Wed_Sale)

INTO Sales (P_ID, C_ID, Day, Amount)VALUES (Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale+3,

Thu_Sale)

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Multitable Inserts:INTO Sales (P_ID, C_ID, Day, Amount)

VALUES (Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale+4, Fri_Sale)

INTO Sales (P_ID, C_ID, Day, Amount)VALUES (Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale+5,

Sat_Sale)

INTO Sales (P_ID, C_ID, Day, Amount)VALUES (Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale+6,

Sun_Sale)

SELECT Product_ID, Customer_ID, Weekly_Sale, Mon_Sale, Tue_Sale, Wed_Sale,Thu_Sale, Fri_Sale, Sat_Sale, Sun_Sale

FROM Weekly_Sales;

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Multitable Inserts:SELECT *FROM Sales;

Product_ID Customer_ID Day Amount------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

111 999 01-JAN-05 100 111 999 02-JAN-05 200 111 999 03-JAN-05 300 111 999 04-JAN-05 400 111 999 05-JAN-05 500 111 999 06-JAN-05 600 111 999 07-JAN-05 700 222 888 08-JAN-05 200 222 888 09-JAN-05 400 222 888 10-JAN-05 500 222 888 11-JAN-05 600 222 888 12-JAN-05 700 222 888 13-JAN-05 800 222 888 14-JAN-05 900

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CREATE TABLE Small_Order ( O_ID NUMBER(6) NOT NULL,

C_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,Total_Order NBUMBER(6)

);CREATE TABLE Mid_Order AS

SELECT *FROM Small_Order;

CREATE TABLE Large_Order ASSELECT *FROM Small_Order;

Multitable Inserts:

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CREATE TABLE Order_Product

( Order_ID NUMBER(6) NOT NULL,

Customer_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,

Total_Order NUMBER(6),

Sales_ID NUMBER(5),

Customer_Phone CHAR(10)

);

Multitable Inserts:

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Multitable Inserts:

INSERT ALL

WHEN Total_Order < 100 THEN

INTO Small_Order

WHEN Total_Order >=100 AND Total_Order < 1000

INTO Mid_Order

WHEN Total_Order >=1000

INTO Large_Order

SELECT Order_ID, Customer_ID, Total_Order

FROM Order_Product;

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Multitable Inserts:INSERT ALLWHEN X < 100 THEN

INTO Small_OrderVALUES (A, B, X)

WHEN X >=100 AND X < 1000INTO Mid_OrderVALUES (A, B, X)

WHEN X >=1000INTO Large_OrderVALUES (A, B, X)

SELECT Order_ID A, Customer_ID B, Total_Order X

FROM Order_Product;

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Update (Modify a Row)

(General Format)

• UPDATE table

SET Column = Expression

[WHERE Condition];

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Example

Changing ID of every one; (Multiply by 100) (Add two digits to student ID)

UPDATE StudentSET ID = ID * 100;

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Update:

Remove majors of ‘COSC’ and set them to NULL:

UPDATE student

SET major = NULL

WHERE major = ‘COSC’;

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Update

Change major of all COSC students to MATH .

UPDATE Student

SET Major = 'MATH'

WHERE Major = 'COSC';

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Update:

Change name of Sandy Smith to Sandy Olson:

UPDATE student

SET last = ‘OLSON’

WHERE first = ‘SANDY’

AND last = ‘SMITH’ ;

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Update

What is the outcome this command?UPDATE StudentSET Major = 'MATH‘;

UPDATE FacultySET Salary = Salary+2000,

Rank=‘Professor’WHERE ID=11111;

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Update table from another table:

UPDATE Table1 p

SET VALUE (p) = (SELECT VALUE (q)

FROM Table2 q

WHERE p.ID = q.ID)

WHERE p.ID = 111;

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Deleting Rows:• DELETE

FROM table

[WHERE Condition];

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Deleting Rows:

DELETE

FROM (SELECT *

FROM student)

WHERE ID = 11111;

DELETE

FROM student

WHERE ID = 111;

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Deleting Rows:

• Delete all the student's courses of student with ID=999999999

• DELETEFROM StudentWHERE ID=999999999;

 • DELETE

FROM departmentWHERE dept=’MATH’;

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Deleting Rows:

• What is the outcome of this statement:

• DELETE

FROM Student;

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Transaction Control:

• COMMIT

• ROLLBACK

• SAVEPOINT

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Transaction Control:

INSERT……..;SAVEPOINT a;INSERT ……..;SAVEPOINT b;INSERT ………..;ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT a