View
221
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Chapter OneChapter One
Introduction Introduction
to Windows to Windows XPXP
ObjectivesObjectives
Describe the Windows XP product familyDescribe the Windows XP product family Describe the major features of the Windows Describe the major features of the Windows
XP environmentXP environment Understand the Windows XP intelligent user Understand the Windows XP intelligent user
interfaceinterface Define the minimum system requirements for Define the minimum system requirements for
Windows XP ProfessionalWindows XP Professional Understand the two major networking Understand the two major networking
models under which Windows XP can be usedmodels under which Windows XP can be used Understand the architecture of Windows XPUnderstand the architecture of Windows XP
The Microsoft Networking The Microsoft Networking FamilyFamily
A collection of A collection of operating systems operating systems (OS)(OS)
Each OS offers the capability of Each OS offers the capability of participating in a network as either:participating in a network as either: A A serverserver A A clientclient
Windows XP FamilyWindows XP Family
Currently consists of two products:Currently consists of two products: Windows XP ProfessionalWindows XP Professional
Standalone or network client versionStandalone or network client version Windows XP HomeWindows XP Home
Designed for standalone home useDesigned for standalone home use
Some Other Microsoft Some Other Microsoft Client Operating SystemsClient Operating Systems
Windows 2000 ProfessionalWindows 2000 Professional Windows NT 4.0 WorkstationWindows NT 4.0 Workstation Windows MeWindows Me Windows SEWindows SE Windows 98Windows 98 Windows 95Windows 95 Windows for WorkgroupsWindows for Workgroups
The Windows XP The Windows XP EnvironmentEnvironment
Hybrid of:Hybrid of: Windows 2000Windows 2000 Windows MEWindows ME
Combines Windows 2000 core Combines Windows 2000 core reliability and security with Windows reliability and security with Windows Me Me plug and playplug and play capability and capability and connectivityconnectivity
Multiple ProcessorsMultiple Processors
Windows XP Professional supports true Windows XP Professional supports true multiprocessingmultiprocessing Support for up to two CPUs is included in Support for up to two CPUs is included in
every standard versionevery standard version Windows XP Home can support only a Windows XP Home can support only a
single CPUsingle CPU
MultitaskingMultitasking
Mode of CPU operation in which a Mode of CPU operation in which a computer processes more than one task computer processes more than one task at a timeat a time
Windows XP supports two types of Windows XP supports two types of multitasking:multitasking: Preemptive multitaskingPreemptive multitasking Cooperative multitaskingCooperative multitasking
Windows 3.X, which runs on MS-DOS, is one of Windows 3.X, which runs on MS-DOS, is one of the most familiar examples of this type of the most familiar examples of this type of environmentenvironment
MultithreadingMultithreading
Refers to a code design in which individual Refers to a code design in which individual tasks within a single tasks within a single processprocess space can space can operate more or less independently as operate more or less independently as separate, lightweight execution modules separate, lightweight execution modules called called threadsthreads Within a process, all threads share the same Within a process, all threads share the same
memory and system resourcesmemory and system resources Multithreading allows an operating system to Multithreading allows an operating system to
execute multiple threads from a single execute multiple threads from a single application concurrentlyapplication concurrently
File SystemsFile Systems
Windows XP supports three file Windows XP supports three file systems used to format systems used to format volumes/partitions on hard drives:volumes/partitions on hard drives: FAT (File Allocation Table)FAT (File Allocation Table)
Also known as FAT16Also known as FAT16 FAT32FAT32 NTFSNTFS
Preferred files system for Windows XPPreferred files system for Windows XP
Active DirectoryActive Directory
Control and administration mechanism Control and administration mechanism of Windows XPof Windows XP
Supported by Windows 2000 or Supported by Windows 2000 or Windows .NET Server to create, Windows .NET Server to create, sustain, and administer a domain or sustain, and administer a domain or group of related domainsgroup of related domains
Combines the various aspects of a Combines the various aspects of a network into a manageable network into a manageable hierarchical structurehierarchical structure
SecuritySecurity
Windows XP was developed to Windows XP was developed to address the following three security address the following three security needs:needs: Enterprise isolationEnterprise isolation Multilevel securityMultilevel security Auditing and resource trackingAuditing and resource tracking Isolation of hardware-dependent codeIsolation of hardware-dependent code
CompatibilityCompatibility
Windows XP supports the following Windows XP supports the following application types:application types: DOS 16-bitDOS 16-bit Native 32-bit (Native 32-bit (Win 32Win 32)) Windows 3.1 and Windows for Windows 3.1 and Windows for
Workgroups 16-bit (Workgroups 16-bit (Win 16Win 16))
StorageStorage
Windows XP Professional supports Windows XP Professional supports huge amounts of hard disk and huge amounts of hard disk and memory space:memory space: RAMRAM
4 GB4 GB Hard disk spaceHard disk space
2 TB for NTFS volumes, 32 GB for FAT32 2 TB for NTFS volumes, 32 GB for FAT32 volumes, and 4 GB for FAT16 volumesvolumes, and 4 GB for FAT16 volumes
ConnectivityConnectivity
Windows XP core OS supports a Windows XP core OS supports a wide variety of networking wide variety of networking protocols:protocols: NWLinkNWLink
Microsoft’s 32-bit implementation of Microsoft’s 32-bit implementation of Novell’s NetWare native protocol stack, Novell’s NetWare native protocol stack, IPX/SPXIPX/SPX
TCP/IP (Transmission Control TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)Protocol/Internet Protocol) Set of protocols used on the InternetSet of protocols used on the Internet
ConnectivityConnectivity
Windows XP is compatible with many Windows XP is compatible with many existing network types and environments existing network types and environments and has native support for the following:and has native support for the following: TCP/IP intranets/InternetTCP/IP intranets/Internet Integrated remote access networksIntegrated remote access networks Macintosh networksMacintosh networks Microsoft networksMicrosoft networks Enhanced NetWare ConnectivityEnhanced NetWare Connectivity
Other Characteristics of Other Characteristics of Windows XP Windows XP EnvironmentEnvironment
System recoverySystem recovery Boasts broadest system recovery Boasts broadest system recovery
mechanisms of any Windows OS to datemechanisms of any Windows OS to date Remote capabilitiesRemote capabilities
Builds on networking capabilities of Builds on networking capabilities of Windows product line by introducing Windows product line by introducing more options for remote connectivitymore options for remote connectivity
Help and support servicesHelp and support services Boasts the most comprehensive help Boasts the most comprehensive help
system in a Windows OSsystem in a Windows OS
Intelligent User InterfaceIntelligent User Interface
Figure 1-1: The Windows XP start menu
Windows XP Professional Windows XP Professional Hardware RequirementsHardware Requirements
Microsoft-defined minimum Microsoft-defined minimum requirements:requirements: 233 MHz CPU or higher microprocessor233 MHz CPU or higher microprocessor 64 MB of RAM64 MB of RAM 1.5 GB of free space1.5 GB of free space SVGA or higher resolution monitorSVGA or higher resolution monitor KeyboardKeyboard Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing
devicedevice
Windows XP Professional Windows XP Professional Hardware RequirementsHardware Requirements
Requirements if installing from a CD-ROM:Requirements if installing from a CD-ROM: CD-ROM or DVD driveCD-ROM or DVD drive High-density 3.5 inch disk drive (not required in High-density 3.5 inch disk drive (not required in
all circumstances)all circumstances) Requirements if installing over a network:Requirements if installing over a network:
Windows XP-compatible NIC and related cableWindows XP-compatible NIC and related cable Access to network share that contains setup filesAccess to network share that contains setup files
Hardware Compatibility Hardware Compatibility ListList
Contains all known Windows XP-Contains all known Windows XP-compatible hardware devicescompatible hardware devices
Finding the HCLFinding the HCL Easiest place to look is on Windows XP Easiest place to look is on Windows XP
CD-ROM in the Support folderCD-ROM in the Support folder Keep in mind the HCL is not a static Keep in mind the HCL is not a static
documentdocument
Why the HCL Is Why the HCL Is ImportantImportant
Windows XP controls hardware Windows XP controls hardware directlydirectly Does not require a PC’s BIOSDoes not require a PC’s BIOS Means that Windows XP works only Means that Windows XP works only
with devices and drivers written with devices and drivers written specifically for itspecifically for it
Microsoft’s technical support policy Microsoft’s technical support policy is that any hardware not on the HCL is that any hardware not on the HCL is not supported for Windows XPis not supported for Windows XP
Preparing a Computer to Preparing a Computer to Meet Upgrade Meet Upgrade RequirementsRequirements
Steps to verify components of a computer Steps to verify components of a computer match or exceed minimum system match or exceed minimum system requirements defined by Microsoft:requirements defined by Microsoft: Open computer caseOpen computer case Make a list of all present componentsMake a list of all present components For each of the hardware requirements of For each of the hardware requirements of
Windows XP, verify that the component in Windows XP, verify that the component in your computer meets or exceeds your computer meets or exceeds requirementsrequirements
Preparing a Computer to Preparing a Computer to Meet Upgrade Meet Upgrade RequirementsRequirements
Steps to verify components of a computer Steps to verify components of a computer match or exceed minimum system match or exceed minimum system requirements defined by Microsoft (cont.):requirements defined by Microsoft (cont.): For each additional component, found in the For each additional component, found in the
computer, verify it is listed on the HCLcomputer, verify it is listed on the HCL Remove any non-HCL compliant devices and Remove any non-HCL compliant devices and
replace them with HCL-compliant devicesreplace them with HCL-compliant devices Proceed with your system installationProceed with your system installation
Workgroup ModelsWorkgroup Models
Networking setup in which users are Networking setup in which users are managed jointly through use of managed jointly through use of workgroups to which users are workgroups to which users are assignedassigned Also known as a Also known as a peer-to-peerpeer-to-peer network network
Microsoft’s workgroup model for Microsoft’s workgroup model for networking distributes resources, networking distributes resources, administration, and security administration, and security throughout a networkthroughout a network
Workgroup ModelsWorkgroup Models
Table 1-1: Pros and Cons of Workgroup Networks
Domain ModelDomain Model
Networking setup in which there is Networking setup in which there is centralized administrative and security centralized administrative and security controlcontrol
One or more servers are dedicated to task One or more servers are dedicated to task of controlling the domain by providing of controlling the domain by providing access and authentication for shared access and authentication for shared domain resources to member computersdomain resources to member computers
No matter how many computers it No matter how many computers it contains, any Windows domain requires at contains, any Windows domain requires at least one least one domain controller (DC)domain controller (DC)
Domain ModelDomain Model
Table 1-2: Pros and Cons of Domain Networks
Windows XP ArchitectureWindows XP Architecture
Windows XP internal organization and Windows XP internal organization and architecturearchitecture deeply influence its deeply influence its capabilities and behaviorcapabilities and behavior
Windows XP is a modular operating Windows XP is a modular operating systemsystem Windows XP is not built as a single large Windows XP is not built as a single large
programprogram No two modules share any codeNo two modules share any code
Windows XP ArchitectureWindows XP Architecture
All Windows XP processes operate in one of All Windows XP processes operate in one of two modes:two modes: User modeUser mode Kernel modeKernel mode
A A modemode represents a certain level of system represents a certain level of system and hardware accessand hardware access
Windows XP is an object-oriented operating Windows XP is an object-oriented operating systemsystem In user mode, any request for a system resource In user mode, any request for a system resource
ultimately becomes a request for a particular ultimately becomes a request for a particular objectobject
User ModeUser Mode
Area in which private user applications Area in which private user applications and their respective subsystems lieand their respective subsystems lie
All user interaction with a Windows XP All user interaction with a Windows XP system occurs through one user mode system occurs through one user mode processprocess
In addition to supporting native 32-bit In addition to supporting native 32-bit Windows Windows APIs (application APIs (application programming interfaces)programming interfaces), a variety of , a variety of user mode subsystems enable Windows XP user mode subsystems enable Windows XP to emulate Win16 and DOS environmentsto emulate Win16 and DOS environments
Kernel ModeKernel Mode
Level where objects can be Level where objects can be manipulated only by threads directly manipulated only by threads directly from an application subsystemfrom an application subsystem
KernelKernel Core of the Microsoft Windows XP Core of the Microsoft Windows XP
operating systemoperating system Designed to facilitate all activity within Designed to facilitate all activity within
the Executive Servicesthe Executive Services
Executive ServicesExecutive Services
Interfaces that permit kernel and user Interfaces that permit kernel and user mode subsystems to communicatemode subsystems to communicate
Windows XP Executive Services consist Windows XP Executive Services consist of several modules:of several modules: I/O ManagerI/O Manager Security reference Monitor (SRM)Security reference Monitor (SRM) Internal Procedure Call (IPC) ManagerInternal Procedure Call (IPC) Manager
Executive ServicesExecutive Services
Windows XP Executive Services Windows XP Executive Services consist of several modules (cont.):consist of several modules (cont.): Virtual Memory Manager (VMM)Virtual Memory Manager (VMM) Process ManagerProcess Manager Plug and Play ManagerPlug and Play Manager Power ManagerPower Manager
Executive ServicesExecutive Services
Windows XP Executive Services Windows XP Executive Services consist of several modules (cont.):consist of several modules (cont.): Windows ManagerWindows Manager File Systems ManagerFile Systems Manager Object ManagerObject Manager Graphics device driversGraphics device drivers
Executive ServicesExecutive Services
I/O Manager is composed of the I/O Manager is composed of the following components:following components: Cache ManagerCache Manager Network driversNetwork drivers Device driversDevice drivers
Executive ServicesExecutive Services
Internal Procedure Call (IPC) Manager Internal Procedure Call (IPC) Manager controls application communications controls application communications with server processes such as the Win32 with server processes such as the Win32 subsystemsubsystem This makes applications behave as if This makes applications behave as if
dynamic link librarydynamic link library calls were handled calls were handled directlydirectly
Helps to explain the outstanding ability of Helps to explain the outstanding ability of Windows XP to emulate 16-bit DOS and Windows XP to emulate 16-bit DOS and Windows runtime environmentsWindows runtime environments
Executive ServicesExecutive Services
Virtual Memory Manager (VMM)Virtual Memory Manager (VMM) Keeps track of the addressable memory Keeps track of the addressable memory
space in the Windows XP environmentspace in the Windows XP environment This includes both physical RAM and This includes both physical RAM and
one or more paging files on disk, which one or more paging files on disk, which are called are called virtual memoryvirtual memory
Executive ServicesExecutive Services
Object Manager maintains following Object Manager maintains following system objects:system objects: Directory objectsDirectory objects ObjectType objectsObjectType objects Link objectsLink objects Event objectsEvent objects
Executive ServicesExecutive Services
Object Manager maintains following Object Manager maintains following system objects (cont.):system objects (cont.): Process and thread objectsProcess and thread objects Port objectsPort objects File objectsFile objects
The KernelThe KernelThe Hardware Abstraction The Hardware Abstraction
LayerLayer KernelKernel
All processes in windows XP consist of All processes in windows XP consist of one or more threads coordinated and one or more threads coordinated and scheduled by the kernelscheduled by the kernel
Hardware abstraction layer (HAL)Hardware abstraction layer (HAL) Goal of the HAL is to isolate any Goal of the HAL is to isolate any
hardware-dependent code in order to hardware-dependent code in order to prevent direct access to hardwareprevent direct access to hardware
Memory ArchitectureMemory Architecture
Memory architecture of Windows XP helps Memory architecture of Windows XP helps make this operating system robust, make this operating system robust, reliable, and powerfulreliable, and powerful
Windows XP uses a flat 32-bit memory Windows XP uses a flat 32-bit memory modelmodel It is based on a virtual memory, It is based on a virtual memory, demand demand
pagingpaging method that is a flat, linear address method that is a flat, linear address space of up to 2 GB allocated to each 32-bit space of up to 2 GB allocated to each 32-bit applicationapplication
The unit of memory that the VMM manipulates The unit of memory that the VMM manipulates is called a is called a pagepage
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home are both related to the up-and-Home are both related to the up-and-coming Windows .NET Server product coming Windows .NET Server product lineline
The HCL lists all devices known to be The HCL lists all devices known to be compatible with Windows XPcompatible with Windows XP
Windows XP can participate in either of Windows XP can participate in either of two networking models:two networking models: WorkgroupWorkgroup DomainDomain
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Windows XP is based on a modular Windows XP is based on a modular programming techniqueprogramming technique
Windows XP virtual memory model Windows XP virtual memory model combines the use of both physical combines the use of both physical RAM and paging files into a demand RAM and paging files into a demand paging mechanism to maximize paging mechanism to maximize memory use and efficiencymemory use and efficiency
Recommended