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Chapter Five. Tissues. Terms. Tissue Histology: the study of tissue structure Pathology: the study of cells and tissues for diagnostic purposes. 4 tissue types. Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous. Epithelial. Avascular Has nerve supply Easily renewable - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter Five
Tissues
Terms
Tissue Histology: the study of tissue structure Pathology: the study of cells and tissues for
diagnostic purposes
4 tissue types
Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous
Epithelial
Avascular Has nerve supply Easily renewable Functions: protection, secretion, absorption,
excretion, sensory reception Classified by cell shape and layer
arrangement
Epithelial cell shape
Squamous-flat and thin Cuboidal-cube-shaped Columnar-tall and cylindrical Transitional-cell shape changes
Epithelial layer arrangement
Simple-single layer Stratified- two or more layers Pseudostratified-one layer that appears to
have several layers
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Structure: Single layer of flat thin cells
Function: diffusion
Location: Alveoli of lungs; capillaries; heart lining
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Structure: Single layer of cube-shaped cells
Function: Secretion and absorption
Location: Ducts of glands; ovarian surface
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Structure: Nonciliated: single layer of tall & narrow cells without
cilia Ciliated: single layer of tall & narrow cells with cilia
Function: Nonciliated: secretion (Goblet cells) and absorption Ciliated: movement of mucus
Location: Lines tracts with environmental openings
Pseudostratified Epithelium
Structure: 1 layer of tall & narrow cells that appears to be
more than 1--but it is not Ciliated (w/ cilia) and nonciliated (no cilia)
Function: Secretion & movement of mucus
Location: Lines airways of upper respiratory tract
Pseudostratified - ???
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Structure: 2 or more flat, thin layers
Function: protection
Location: Esophagus, tongue, vaginal lining, epidermis
of the skin
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Structure: 2 or more layers of cube-shaped cells
Function: Protection; limited secretion and absorption
Location: Sweat gland ducts
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Structure: 2 or more layers of tall & narrow cells
Function: Protection & excretion
Location: Conjunctiva of eye; excretory ducts
Transitional Epithelium
Structure: Appearance of cells ranges from squamous to
cuboidal & columnar Function:
Allows for stretching without tearing (distensibility)
Location: Urinary bladder
Glandular Epithelium a/k/a Glands
Glands: consists of a cell or group of cells that secrete substances into ducts, onto surfaces, or into blood
2 types: Exocrine: secretion goes through a duct
Ex. Sweat, oil, saliva, pancreas Endocrine: secretion goes into blood stream
without passing through a duct Ex. Thyroid, pituitary, & pancreas
Connective Tissue
Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body
Consists of cells and a matrix (determines a tissues qualities; may be fluid, gel, fibers)
Has a nerve supply Highly vascular (except cartilage)
**You only need to know the MATURE connective tissues.**
Mature Connective Tissue
Areolar Adipose Dense Regular Dense Irregular Elastic Cartilage Compact Bone Blood
Areolar Connective Tissue
Location Subcutaneous layer of skin
Function Strength Support elasticity
Adipose Connective Tissue
Location Around heart, kidneys, eyes, and in yellow
bone marrow Function
Energy reserve and protection
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Location Tendons
Muscle to bone Ligaments
Bone to bone
Function attachment
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Location Fascia: covers organs Periosteum: covers bones Perichondrium: covers cartilage Pericardium: covers heart
Function Provides strength
Elastic Connective Tissue
Location Lung tissue, trachea, vocal cords, bronchial
tubes Function
stretching
Cartilage
Location Nose, voice box, epiglottis, external ear, pubis
symphysis Function
Support, cushioning, rigidity, flexibility
Compact Bone
Location Bones (osteocytes)
Function Support, protection, storage
Blood
Location Blood vessels, heart
Function Transport gases, immunity, clotting
Nervous Tissue
Tissue of the nervous system Basic functioning unit = neuron
The neuron
Cell body (soma) Dendrites (many) Axon (one)
Muscle Tissue
3 types Skeletal Smooth Cardiac
Skeletal Muscle
Attaches to bones of skeleton Striated (striped) in appearance voluntary
Smooth Muscle
Makes up walls of internal organs Nonstriated Involuntary
Cardiac Muscle
Found in heart Striated with intercalated discs involuntary
Membranes
Tissues that cover or line a part of the body 3 types
Mucous Synovial Serous
Mucous Membranes
Line body cavities that open to the environment
Secrete mucus Ex: digestive system, reproductive system,
respiratory system
Synovial Membranes
Line the cavities of some joints Secrete synovial fluid Lubricates joints to prevent friction during
movement Bursae are often present here as well
bursitis
Serous Membranes Line body cavities that do not open to the environment Secrete serous fluid 2 layers:
Parietal: lines cavity wall Visceral: covers organ(s)
3 locations: Lungs = pleura
pleurisy Heart = pericardium
pericarditis Abdomen = peritoneum
peritonitis
So...
Visceral pleura=covers lungs Parietal pleura=lines thoracic cavity
Visceral pericardium=covers heart Parietal pericardium=lines pericardial cavity
Visceral peritoneum=covers abdominal organs
Parietal peritoneum=lines abdominal cavity
Pleural membranes
Interactive Review
Blood Muscle Tissue
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