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THE WESTERN PIONEERS
Chapter 9 Section 1
Americans Head West In 1800, 387,000 white settlers lived west of
Appalachian Mountainsby 1820= 2.4 million
Reasons for heading west:1) Religious reasons
2) Chance to own their own land
3) New opportunities for wealth John Louis O’Sullivan
○ Magazine editor-> declare it was “manifest destiny” of Americans to settle all of the continent (West)
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny
Americans Head West Farming New Lands
Farmers marked out the most fertile soil for their own○ Squatters- settled on land that didn’t belong to them
Congressed passed the Preemption Act of 1830- Gave squatters opportunity to claim and buy their land
- Up to 160 acres, $1.25 per acre
Plows and ReapersJethro Wood-> patented iron blade plow (1819)John Deere-> created a plow with sharp-edged
steel blades (1837)Cyrus McCormick-> mechanical reaper (1834)
Jethro Wood
John Deere
Cyrus McCormick
Settling the Pacific Coast Latecomers to the Midwest headed to California
and Oregon Dividing Oregon
Oregon was shared by G.B. and the U.S.○ Missionaries who were reaching out to N.A. in Oregon -> helped spread the word about settling Oregon
Populating California○ California-> belonged to Spain
Gov. of California gave land to German immigrant John Sutter- Built a trading post and cattle ranch
- 1845-> over 200 Americans settled their
Settling the Pacific Coast Trails West
Kit Carson and Jim Bridger-> gained knowledge of Pacific frontier from natives○ Carved out several east-to-west passages-> played a vital role in
settling the west Most popular-> Oregon Trail
Wagon Train Life Made the journey in covered wagons
○ at 1st Hired mountain men to help guide them As trails became worn overlanders found their own way
- Also used guidebooks
Read about the Donner Party on pg.296. Typical trip took 5 to 6 months-> traveling roughly 15 miles per day
○ Roles of men:○ Roles of women:
John Sutter
Oregon Trail
Oregon Trail
Settling the Pacific Coast
Native AmericansFeared attacks by NA’s-> from 1840 to
1860, 362 travelers were killed by NA’s-> 426 NA’s were killed by travelers○ NA’s were very helpful for most part
Gave food, info about routes, edible pants, and water sources
As travelers increased, NA’s feared they would loose their livelihood (Buffalo)○ Led to Treaty of Fort Laramie
Promised NA’s land
Mormon Migration
Read Mormon Migration on pg. 297Why did the Mormons head west?What happened to Joseph Smith?Who emerged as the new leader of the
Mormons?Describe the Mormon Trail.
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