Chapter 9- Public Speaking - Springfield Public Schools 9- Public Speaking.pdf ·...

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CHAPTER  9  

Facts    -­‐    In  a  survey  of  500  adults,  60  %  said  they  had  given  at  least  one  speech  to  an  audience  of  more  than  ten  people.  

     -­‐  Most  had  given  four  or  more  speeches  over  the  past  two  years.  

     -­‐  Most  of  the  speeches  were  given  at  their  jobs.  

Public  Speaking  and  You   Public  Speaking  occurs  when  one  person  addresses  a  group  for  a  specific  purpose  

  Speeches  may  be  short  or  long,  formal  or  informal,  funny  or  serious  

 What  are  some  examples  of  speeches  you  might  have  to  give  here  at  school?  

Purposes  of  Public  Speaking  

 To  inform    Social  Ritual  Speech  

 To  Persuade  

Speaking  to  Inform   A  speech  to  inform  is  designed  to  increase  the  knowledge  of  the  listeners  

 This  speech  may  introduce  the  audience  to  a  new  subject  or  present  an  in-­‐depth  look  at  a  familiar  topic  

  It  may  describe  or  demonstrate  

Speaking  to  Inform  Examples  

 How  to  make  tacos   What  did  the  Mars  Pathfinder  Mission  tell  us   Making  your  own  webpage      Fossils  of  Arizona  

Social  Ritual  Speech   This  is  a  special  type  of  speech  to  inform.  Social-­‐ritual  speeches  are  short  and  follow  a  set  pattern.  

   Listeners  expect  social-­‐ritual  speeches  to  follow  certain  patterns  and  may  become  annoyed  or  confused  if  the  patterns  are  not  followed.  

BRAINSTORM   Write  some  examples  of  speeches  to  inform    

 You  should  have  a  mix  of  description,  demonstration,  and  social-­‐ritual.  

Speaking  to  Persuade   A  Speech  to  persuade  is  designed  to  convince  the  listeners  to  hold  a  certain  belief  or  act  in  a  certain  way    

  It  may  include  new  information  if  the  speaker  needs  to  increase  the  audiences  knowledge  but  the  main  purpose  is  to  get  the  listeners  to  think  or  act  differently  

Speaking  to  Persuade   Examples:  

 Drunk  Drivers  deserve  tougher  punishments   Homelessness  is  everyone’s  problem    Anorexia  and  Advertising:  Is  there  a  connection?    

  The  speaker  would  try  to  convince  the  listeners  to  agree  with  him  or  her  or  take  some  action.  

BRAINSTORM   Write  few  examples  of  speeches  to  persuade.  

Topic  SelecAon    For  most  classroom  speeches  you  will  choose  your  own  topic  

 There  are  two  criteria  for  choosing  topic     1.  Choose  a  topic  that  interests  you    2.  Choose  a  topic  that  will  interest  the  audience  

Topic  SelecAon   Personal  interests   You  must  select  a  topic  that  interests  you    If  you  are  not  excited  about  the  topic,  it  will  be  hard  to  get  your  audience  excited  

  If  you  are  bored  or  sound  bored  during  your  presentation,  then  your  audience  will  be  bored  

  If  you  are  excited,  your  audience  will  get  excited  too.  CHOOSE  A  TOPIC  THAT  INTERESTS  YOU!  

Topic  SelecAon   Audience  Appeal   Ask  yourself  if  the  listeners  would  find  this  topic  interesting  

 After  you  have  selected  a  topic  think  about  how  the  audience  will  react;  if  you  think  they  will  not  like  the  topic,  then  you  need  to  pick  a  new  one  

Audience  Analysis   A  good  speaker  always  considers  how  to  connect  the  audience  and  the  message  

 Audience  Analysis  is  any  information  about  the  audience  that  helps  the  speaker  communicate  effectively  

 Knowing  your  audience  will  help  you  select  the  right  topic  or  the  right  words  to  keep  their  attention  

Audience  Analysis   Basic  Data     Beliefs  and  Opinions     Knowledge  of  Topic     Expectations  

Basic  Data   Age     Gender     Occupation     Education  Level      Income  Level  

Beliefs  and  Opinions   Being  sensitive  to  an  audience’s  political  views  or  religious  beliefs  can  help  speakers  avoid  offending  the  audience  by  accident  

 Example:      You  would  not  want  to  give  a  speech  on  gun  control  to  an  audience  full  of  hunters  

Knowledge  of  the  Topic   You  will  have  to  ask  yourself  if  the  audience  has  any  background  knowledge  of  your  subject,  or  if  this  is  a  brand  new  topic  for  them  

 Why?  

ExpectaAons   The  speaker  needs  to  know  what  the  audience  expects    If  the  audience  expects  a  speech  about  Spain  and  someone  shows  up  talking  about  “How  to  Make  French  Toast”  then  something  is  wrong  

Audience  Goal   An  Audience  Goal  describes  what  the  listeners  should  be  able  to  do  after  the  speech  is  completed  

  I  want  my  listeners  to…   Example:  

   I  want  my  listeners  to  understand  three  reasons  why  playing  sports  is  important:      Developing  physical  coordination      Learning  about  teamwork      Getting  exercise  

Audience  Goal   An  audience  goal  is  always  worded  in  terms  of  what  the  listeners  should  be  able  to  do,  NOT  what  the  speaker  will  do  

 You  will  be  required  to  do  this  for  your  speeches  

Journal     When  do  people  you  know  make  speeches?  For  one  week  list  all  the  situations  that  involve  a  person  you  know  talking  to  an  audience  of  ten  or  more  people.  Note  the  ages  of  the  speakers  and  the  reasons  for  their  presentations.  

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