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Section 1: Units of Local Government Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments Section 3: City Government Section 4: How Governments Work Together. Chapter 9 Local Government. Section 1:Units of Local Government. The Main Idea - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1
CIVICS IN PRACTICEHOLT
Chapter 9
Local GovernmentSection 1: Units of Local GovernmentSection 2:
Town, Township, and Village Governments
Section 3: City GovernmentSection 4: How Governments Work Together
CIVICS IN PRACTICEHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
The Main IdeaLocal governments have grown as the country has grown.
As Americans settled in rural communities, towns, cities, and suburbs, they set up local governments.
Reading Focus How are local governments established, and why are
they needed? How is county government organized, and what are the
main purposes of each level of county government? How do local and state governments work together?
Section 1: Units of Local Government
CIVICS IN PRACTICEHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3
Local governments Are established by and given powers from the state
governments. Define their powers, responsibilities, and organization
by charter from the state. Provide services for citizens. Maintain roads, running water, sewage systems,
sidewalks, street cleaning, and trash collection. Supervise privately owned electric and transportation
systems.
Section 1: Units of Local Government
CIVICS IN PRACTICEHOLT
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The county system of government in the United States:
Borrowed from England, began in the southern agricultural states
Scattered population gathered at the county seat to discuss issues.
Section 1: Units of Local Government
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Organization and purpose of county government: County board is elected by voters and forms the
legislative body. The county board supervises elections; enforces state
laws; collects taxes; and provides health and welfare services, libraries, roads, and schools.
County officials include sheriff and deputies, county clerk, treasurer, auditor, and district attorney.
Some counties have elected a county manager and a county executive.
Section 1: Units of Local Government
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SECTION 1
How Local Governments Are
Established
Why Local Governments Are
Needed
State governments establish local governments and grant them powers.
They provide and manage services to the community.
Question: How are local governments established, and why are they needed?
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The Main IdeaAlthough counties are the largest unit of local government, they share the job of governing with
other units of local government.
Reading Focus Where did town government begin, and what is the
purpose of the town meeting? Why did townships and special districts develop, and
how does each function? Why are villages and boroughs created, and how do
they operate?
Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
CIVICS IN PRACTICEHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8
Town Governments Town governments began in the New England colonies. Today, selectmen and selectwomen are elected to manage
the town’s affairs. Officials discuss the town business and a vote is taken on
each item. Population growth has inhibited direct democracy. Higher populations require more local services. Town managers and representative town meetings have
developed.
Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
CIVICS IN PRACTICEHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9
Townships
First type: developed in the Middle Atlantic states; maintained roads and schools and assisted the poor
Second type: divisions of land in the Midwestern states that were developed by Congress in 1785 as part of a surveying system
Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
CIVICS IN PRACTICEHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10
Special Districts
Developed to serve special needs of an area The most numerous form of local government Operated by a commission
Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
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Villages and Boroughs
Created when populations grow and need to organize
Self-governing municipalities Collect taxes and provide local services Governed by a council with an executive
(mayor)
Section 2: Town, Township, and Village Governments
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SECTION 2
Where Town Government Began
How It Has Changed
New England colonies
Citizens used to be able to vote on issues directly, now representatives vote on issues.
Question: Where did town government begin, and how has it changed?
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The Main IdeaA city is usually larger than a town or village. In many
cities a large population is crowded into a relatively small area, which creates many challenges for city
government.
Reading Focus How are city governments organized under the
home-rule system? What are the different forms of city government?
Section 3: City Government
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Cities
Are larger than other local governments. Often have large populations crowded into a
small area. Must deal with education, health, safety,
transportation, sanitation, water supply, and fire and police protection.
Section 3: City Government
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City Governments Established by and receive charters from state
legislatures Some cities have been granted home rule and
can write their own charters. Home rule cities manage their own affairs. Some states limit the independence of their
cities’ governments.
Section 3: City Government
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Different types of city governments and their functions: Mayor-Council Government—Mayor
prepares the budget, proposes laws, and appoints officials; city council passes laws and approves the mayor’s appointments; cities have weak-mayor plans and strong-mayor plans.
Section 3: City Government
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Different types of city governments and their functions: (continued)
Commission Government—Board of commissioners passes laws and carries out the functions of government.
Council-Manager Government—City council passes laws and appoints the city manager, who proposes laws and appoints department heads.
Section 3: City Government
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Question: How are city governments established?
SECTION 3
How City Governments Are Established
charter granted by state
government
the state gives the city permission to write its
own charter under home rule
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The Main IdeaYou live under three levels of government—local, state,
and federal. Without cooperation among these levels, everyday life would not run smoothly.
Reading Focus How do the different levels of government work
together? How do governments cooperate to meet people’s
needs? In what ways are different levels of government in
competition?
Section 4: How Governments Work Together
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Division of powers among levels of government: Local, state, and federal governments have clearly
defined powers. Each level of government has the power needed to
do its job. All levels of government obey the U.S. Constitution. The federal system keeps the powers of each level
clearly defined.
Section 4: How Governments Work Together
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The federal government is involved in building roads. Roads were originally local projects. As the country grew, Congress voted to federally fund
roads connecting the east to the west. Late 1800s—state funds first used to manage local roads Interstate highway system is a joint effort of state and
federal governments. Good roads contribute to the safety and well-being of all
citizens.
Section 4: How Governments Work Together
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Government functions requiring the cooperation of different levels of government: Public education—funds and services from the state;
schools controlled by local boards; special funds from the federal government
Federal Bureau of Investigation and the local and state police—work together and share state crime laboratories
Stores and businesses—state licensing boards ensure quality local services; grants-in-aid and block grants given to state and local governments from federal government
Section 4: How Governments Work Together
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SECTION 4
The United States expanded.
Highways were needed to connect the East and the West.
The automobile necessitated a complex system of national highways.
The federal government became
involved in the planning, building, and maintenance of the highway system
to facilitate the movement of people
and goods.
Question: Why did the federal government become involved in the building of roads?
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Chapter 9 Wrap-Up1. How are local governments established?2. What are the origins of the county system of government
in the United States?3. Explain where town government began and how it has
changed over time.4. When are villages and boroughs created, and how do they
operate?5. Define the term city and explain the services city
governments provide for the residents.6. How do city governments get their power and structure?7. In which areas do the three levels of government—local,
state, and federal—cooperate?8. What difficulties could occur if different levels of
government did not cooperate?
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