View
29
Download
1
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 8: Displays. Attention. Perception. Display (the represented system). Mental model. Senses. System. Display design principles. Perceptual principles 1) Absolute judgement (maximum of 5-7 levels) 2) Top-down processing (Highlight the unexpected) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
1
Chapter 8: Displays
System
Display (the represented system) Mental model
Senses
AttentionPerception
2
Display design principles
Perceptual principles1) Absolute judgement (maximum of 5-7 levels)2) Top-down processing (Highlight the unexpected)3) Redundancy gain (Multiple cues or modes)4) Discriminability (ratio of similar to dissimilar features)
Attention principles5) Minimizing information access cost (minimize “distance” between variables)6) Proximity compatibility principle (link variables through common location, color, or other code)7) Principle of multiple resources (distribute information between mental resources)
Mental model principles8) Principle of pictorial realism (configure to match system/mental model, thermometer)9) Principle of the moving part (match movement to system/mental model, aircraft and altimeter)10) Ecological interface design (display provides an externalized and normative mental model)
Memory principles11) Predictive aiding (show future states rather than force people to estimate)12) Knowledge in the world (displayed information rather than rely on memory)13) Consistency (same cues should have same meaning, red is for danger)
3
Attention principles
Minimizing information access cost (minimize “distance” between variables, same page for related information)
Proximity compatibility principle (link variables through common location, color, or other code)
Principle of multiple resources (distribute information between mental resources, such as auditory and visual modes)
4
Mental model principles
Principle of pictorial realism (configure to match system/mental model, thermometer)
Principle of the moving part (match movement to system/mental model, aircraft and altimeter)
Ecological interface design (display provides an externalized and normative mental model)
5
VCR metaphor for printer?
6
Dimmer Switch
7
Memory principles
Predictive aiding (show future states rather than force people to estimate)
Knowledge in the world (displayed information rather than rely on memory, position estimates on chart)
Consistency (same cues should have same meaning, red is for danger)
8 From Barrows and Powell (2000)
9
Display design principles
Perceptual principles1) Absolute judgement (maximum of 5-7 levels)2) Top-down processing (Highlight the unexpected)3) Redundancy gain (Multiple cues or modes)4) Discriminability (ratio of similar to dissimilar features)
Attention principles5) Minimizing information access cost (minimize “distance” between variables)6) Proximity compatibility principle (link variables through common location, color, or other code)7) Principle of multiple resources (distribute information between mental resources)
Mental model principles8) Principle of pictorial realism (configure to match system/mental model, thermometer)9) Principle of the moving part (match movement to system/mental model, aircraft and altimeter)10) Ecological interface design (display provides an externalized and normative mental model)
Memory principles11) Predictive aiding (show future states rather than force people to estimate)12) Knowledge in the world (displayed information rather than rely on memory)13) Consistency (same cues should have same meaning, red is for danger)
10
Types of displays
Alerting Labels Monitoring Multiple displays Navigation displays and maps Tables and graphs
11
Alerting
Perceptual: Redundancy gain (use auditory because it is omnidirectional)
Perceptual: Absolute judgement (limit number of warning tones to 5-7)
Memory: Consistency (uniform meaning for color codes)
12
Labels
Perceptual: Discriminability Attention: Proximity compatibility principle Asymmetry in interpretation of negative
• Right turn only vs. No left turn
13
Monitoring
Perceptual: Absolute judgement and display markings
Mental model: Ecological interface design Mental model: Principle of pictorial realism and
analog and digital displays. DEPENDS ON TASK
14
Traditional Interface
15
Rankine Cycle Interface
16
Specific benefits of the Rankine cycle display
Distinctive shape makes changes easy to identify (highlights the unexpected)
Changes in shape are linked to a model of the underlying physics and so support problem solving (externalized mental model)
Temperature and pressure data are placed in a meaningful context (Knowledge in the world rather than steam tables in the head)
17
Multiple displays
Attention: Minimizing information access cost using the primary visual area, phase-related tailoring
Memory: Consistency of display layout
Attention/Mental model: Information grouping
18
Multiple displays
Attention: Costs and benefits of head-up displays
Perceptual: Discriminability and emergent features of configural displays
19
Navigation displays and maps
Perceptual: map clutter (color, intensification, and declutter/filtering functions)
Map orientation: Head up vs North up
3-D vs 2-D: Role of topography, experience of users;
20
Tables and graphs
Perceptual: Discriminabilty, differentiating lines in a line graph
Perceptual: Discriminabilty, minimizing clutter
Attention: Proximity compatibility and linking lines to legend
21
Objectives
Power of representation Display variables and the match to the task Display design principles
• Perceptual• Mental model• Attention • Memory
Types of displays and how to apply the principles
Recommended