Chapter 5 Notes. Chap. 5.1 Calories- >>> units of heat that measure the energy used by the...

Chapter 5 Chapter 5

NotesNotes

Chap. 5.1Chap. 5.1

Calories-Calories-

>>> units of heat that measure the >>> units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body.energy that foods supply to the body.

•NutrientsNutrients

>>> substances in food that your >>> substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy.and to supply you with energy.

•HungerHunger

>>> a natural physical drive that >>> a natural physical drive that protects you from starvation. protects you from starvation.

•AppetiteAppetite

>>> a desire, rather than a need to >>> a desire, rather than a need to eat. eat.

Chapter 5.2Chapter 5.2

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

>>> the starches and sugars present >>> the starches and sugars present in foods.in foods.

•FiberFiber

>>> an indigestible complex >>> an indigestible complex carbohydrate.carbohydrate.

•Proteins Proteins

>>> nutrients that help build and >>> nutrients that help build and maintain body cells and tissues.maintain body cells and tissues.

•LipidLipid

>>> a fatty substance that does not >>> a fatty substance that does not dissolve water.dissolve water.

•VitaminsVitamins

>>> compounds that help regulate >>> compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption, and the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients.metabolism of other nutrients.

•MineralsMinerals

>>> substances that the body cannot >>> substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed for manufacture but that are needed for forming healthy bones and teeth and forming healthy bones and teeth and for regulating many vital body for regulating many vital body processes.processes.

Chapter 5.3Chapter 5.3

Dietary Guidelines for AmericansDietary Guidelines for Americans

>>> a set of recommendations for >>> a set of recommendations for healthful eating and active living. healthful eating and active living.

•Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid

>>> a guide for making healthful daily >>> a guide for making healthful daily food choices. food choices.

Food Guide Pyramid

Fruit group

2-4 servings

Vegetable group

3-5 servings

Bread, Cereal, Rice, and Pasta group

6-11 servings

Meats, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, and Nuts group

2-3 servings

Milk, Yogurt,

and Cheese

group

3-4 servings

Fats, Oils, and Sweets

Use sparingly

Chapter 5.4Chapter 5.4

Food additivesFood additives

>>> substances intentionally added to >>> substances intentionally added to food to produce a desired effect. food to produce a desired effect.

•Food allergyFood allergy

>>> a condition in which the body’s >>> a condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to substances immune system reacts to substances in some foods. in some foods.

•Food intoleranceFood intolerance

>>> a negative reaction to a food or >>> a negative reaction to a food or part of food caused by a metabolic part of food caused by a metabolic problem, such as the inability to problem, such as the inability to digest parts of certain foods or food digest parts of certain foods or food components. components.

•Foodborne illnessFoodborne illness

>>> food poisoning. >>> food poisoning.

•Pasteurization Pasteurization

>>> the process of treating a >>> the process of treating a substance with heat to destroy or substance with heat to destroy or slow the growth of pathogens. slow the growth of pathogens.

•Cross-contaminationCross-contamination

>>> the spreading of bacteria or other >>> the spreading of bacteria or other pathogens from one food to another.pathogens from one food to another.