Chapter 5 Diode Rectifiers - unob.cz · • Power electronics load is represented by an equivalent...

Chapter 5 Line-Frequency Diode Rectifiers

Chapter 5

Diode Rectifiers

Diode Rectifier Block Diagram

• Uncontrolled utility interface (ac to dc)

A Simple Circuit

• Resistive load

A Simple Circuit (R-L Load)

• Current continues to flows for a while even after the input voltage has gone negative

A Simple Circuit (Load has a dc back-emf)

• Current begins to flow when the input voltage exceeds the dc back-emf

• Current continues to flows for a while even after the input voltage has gone below the dc back-emf

Single-Phase Diode Rectifier Bridge

• Large capacitor at the dc output for filtering and energy storage

Diode-Rectifier Bridge Analysis

• Two simple (idealized) cases to begin with

Redrawing Diode-Rectifier Bridge

• Two groups, each with two diodes

Waveforms with a purely resistive load and a purely dc current at the output

• In both cases, the dc-side voltage waveform is the same

Diode-Rectifier Bridge Input Current

• Idealized case with a purely dc output current

Diode-Rectifier Bridge Analysis with AC-Side Inductance

• Output current is assumed to be purely dc

Understanding Current Commutation

• Assuming inductance in this circuit to be zero

Understanding Current Commutation (cont.)

• Inductance in this circuit is included

Current Commutation Waveforms

• Shows the volt-seconds needed to commutate current

Current Commutation in Full-Bridge Rectifier

• Shows the necessary volt-seconds

Understanding Current Commutation

• Note the current loops for analysis

Rectifier with a dc-side voltage

DC-Side Voltage and Current Relationship

• Zero current corresponds to dc voltage equal to the peak of the input ac voltage

Effect of DC-Side Current on THD, PF and DPF

• Very high THD at low current values

Crest Factor versus the Current Loading

• The Crest Factor is very high at low values of current

Diode-Rectifier with a Capacitor Filter

• Power electronics load is represented by an equivalent load resistance

Diode Rectifier Bridge

• Equivalent circuit for analysis on one-half cycle basis

Diode-Bridge Rectifier: Waveforms

• Analysis using MATLAB

Diode-Bridge Rectifier: Waveforms

• Analysis using PSpice

Input Line-Current Distortion

Line-Voltage Distortion

• PCC is the point of common coupling

• Distortion in voltage supplied to other loads

Line-Voltage Distortion

Voltage Doubler Rectifier

• In 115-V position, one capacitor at-a-time is charged from the input.

A Three-Phase, Four-Wire System

• A common neutral wire is assumed

Current in A Three-Phase, Four-Wire System

• The current in the neutral wire can be very high

Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier

• Commonly used

Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier: Redrawn

• Two groups with three diodes each

Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier Waveforms

• Output current is

assumed to be dc

Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier: Input Line-Current

• Assuming output current to be purely dc and zero ac-side inductance

• Including the ac-side inductance

3-Phase Rectifier: Current Commutation

• output current is assumed to be purely dc

Rectifier with a Large Filter Capacitor

• Output voltage is assumed to be purely dc

• THD, PF and DPF as functions of load current

Crest Factor versus the Current Loading

• The Crest Factor is very high at low values of current

Three-Phase Rectifier Waveforms

• PSpice-based analysis

Chapter 5 Diode Rectifiers - unob.cz · • Power electronics load is represented by an equivalent...

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