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Chapter 26, part 1. The Urinary System. Learning Objectives. Identify the components and functions of the urinary system Describe the location and structural features of the kidneys Describe the structure of a nephron, and outline the processes involved in the formation of urine - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fundamentals of
Anatomy & PhysiologySIXTH EDITION
Frederic H
. Martini
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Chapter 26, part 1
The Urinary System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Learning Objectives
• Identify the components and functions of the urinary system
• Describe the location and structural features of the kidneys
• Describe the structure of a nephron, and outline the processes involved in the formation of urine
• Describe the normal characteristics, composition, and solute concentrations of a representative urine sample
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Learning Objectives
• List and describe the factors that influence filtration pressure and the rate of filtrate formation
• Identify the types of transport mechanisms found along the nephron
• Describe how antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone levels influence the volume and concentration of urine
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 26-1 An Overview of the Urinary System
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• Excretion
• The removal of organic waste products from body fluids
• Elimination
• The discharge of waste products into the environment
• Homeostatic regulation of blood plasma
• Regulating blood volume and pressure
• Regulating plasma ion concentrations
• Stabilizing blood pH
• Conserving nutrients
Functions of the urinary system
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• The kidneys
• Produce urine
• The ureters
• The urinary bladder
• Stores urine
• The urethra
Urinary system includes:
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.1
Figure 26.1 An introduction to the Urinary System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 26-2 The Kidneys
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• Left kidney extends slightly more superiorly than right
• Both kidneys and adrenal glands are retroperitoneal
• Hilus
• Entry for renal artery and renal nerves
• Exit for renal veins and ureter
The kidneys
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 26.2 The Position of the Kidneys
Figure 26.2a, b
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Figure 26.3 The Urinary System in Gross Dissection
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Superficial outer cortex and inner medulla
• The medulla consists of 6-18 renal pyramids
• The cortex is composed of roughly 1.25 million nephrons
• Major and minor calyces along with the pelvis drain urine to the ureters
Sectional anatomy of the kidneys
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.4a, b
Figure 26.4 The Structure of the Kidney
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• Renal arteries branch repeated
• Renal artery
• Segmental artery
• Interlobar artery
• Arcuate artery
• Interlobular artery
• Afferent arterioles
• Renal venules follow similar opposing pattern ending with renal veins
Blood supply and innervation of the kidneys
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Figure 26.5 The Blood Supply to the Kidneys
Figure 26.5a, b
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Figure 26.5 The Blood Supply to the Kidneys
Figure 26.5c, d
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule
• The renal corpuscle is composed of
• Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus
• The renal tubule consists of
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
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• Nephron empties tubular fluid into collecting system
• Collecting ducts and papillary ducts
Filtrate is produced at the renal corpuscle
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Figure 26.6 A Representative Nephron
Figure 26.6
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• Production of filtrate
• Reabsorption of organic nutrients
• Reabsorption of water and ions
• Secretion of waste products into tubular fluid
Nephron functions include:
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• Cortical nephrons
• ~85% of all nephrons
• Located in the cortex
• Juxtamedullary nephrons
• Closer to renal medulla
• Loops of Henle extend deep into renal pyramids
Two types of nephron
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Figure 26.7 Cortical and Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.7b, c
Figure 26.7 Cortical and Juxtamedullary Nephrons
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