Chapter 25 Organic Review. Hydrocarbon Prefixes: IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied...

Chapter 25

Organic Review

Hydrocarbon Prefixes:IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Hydrocarbon prefixes

meth Ceth C-Cprop C-C-Cbut C-C-C-CPent C-C-C-C-Chex C-C-C-C-C-Chept C-C-C-C-C-C-Coct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cnon C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cdec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

mosquitoseatpeople’sblood

meth= 1

eth = 2 prop= 3 but = 4

Memory device

Chemistry Notes Organic Review Name______________________ Identify the word which best completes each of the following sentences. _______ 1. All organic compounds contain the element _____. _______ 2. Carbon can bond with a maximum of _____ other atoms. _______ 3. A substance made up of only _____ and carbon atoms is called a hydrocarbon. _______ 4. A –CH3 group added to a hydrocarbon chain is called a(n) _____ group.

(Example: -CH2CH2CH3 is a propyl group.)

_______ 5. Is the following structure cis or trans?

carbon

4

hydrogen

methyl

transTrans = opposite sides of double bond.

6. Define an isomer:

An isomer is when the same molecular formula has different structural formulas.

7. Draw the structural formula for propane.

propane prop- = 3

C C C

H H H

H

HHH

H

8. Draw the structural formula for ethane.

ethane eth- = 2 C C

H H

H

HH

H

9. Draw the structural formula for octane.

octane oct- = 8

C C

H H

H

HH

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

10. Draw the structural formula for Benzene.

C

C

C

C

C

CH

H

H

H

H

H

Could also be drawn as:

or

11. Draw the structural formula for: 3-methyl-2-phenyl hexane.

C

C

C

C

C

CH

HH

H

H

C C

H H

H

HH

C

H

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

H

H

CH

H

H

12. Draw the structural formula for: 1-butene.

H

H

HHH

H

H CCCC1 2 3 4

1-butene but- = 4 ene = double bond after 1st carbon

H

13. Draw the structural formula for: propyne.

H

H

H

H CCC1 2 3

propyne prop- = 3

yne = triple bond after 1st carbon

14. Draw the structural formula for the two isomers of butane.

butane but- = 4 isomer = different structural arrangement.

H

H

HHH

H

H CCCC

HH

H

CCCC

H

H

HH

H

H H

H

H

H

2-methylpropane

15. Draw two isomers of pentane.

C

H

HH

HC

H

H

C

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

2,2-dimethylpropane

Pentane

2-methylbutane

C

H

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

C

H

HH

HC

H

H

C

H

C

H

H

C H

H

H

C5H12

C5H12 C5H12

Chemistry Notes Organic Review 16. Circle the carbon skeleton that is different from the other three?

The other isomers have branches.

This is the only straight chain structure.

Find the longest chain of carbons. (Parent chain)

17. What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

The parent chain and the last word in the name.

heptane

1

2

3456

7

Count so branched groups get the lowest numbering.

Identify substituents. (Branched groups)

methyl

methyl

methyl

trimethyl3,3,5 -

18. Which lettered carbon is the asymmetric carbon in the following compound?

A) a B) b C) c D) d E) No asymmetric carbon is present.

The asymmetric carbon has different groups in each direction.

19. Circle the compound that has its substituents in the trans position?

Trans isomers have groups attached to opposite sides of the double bond.

20. Draw the structural formula for the following condensed formula: CH3CH2CH2CH3CHCH2CH2CH3

C C

H H

H

HH

C

H

H

C

H

C

}

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

H H