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Chapter 24Digestive System
Digestive Processes
• Ingestion
• Movement / peristalsis
• Digestion (chemical & mechanical)
• Absorption
• Defecation
Anatomical Terms
• Peritoneum (visceral & parietal)
• Mesentery
• Falciform ligament
• Omentum (lesser & greater)
• Mesocolon
Gastric Digestion
• Zymogenic (peptic) (Chief) cells = pepsin
• Parietal (oxyntic) cells = HCl
• Mucous cells
• Enteroendocrine cells = gastrin
• Gastric lipase & rennin
Liver Function• Carbohydrate metabolism• Fat metabolism• Protein metabolism• Removal of drugs & hormones• Excretion of bile• Synthesis of bile salts• Storage of vitamins, minerals and glycogen• Phagocytosis of WBC’s and RBC’s• Activation of vitamin D• Removal of toxins (includes ammonia)• Manufactures heparin
Bile• Bile consists of water, bile salts,
cholesterol, phospholipids, bile pigments and ions.
• Bile pigment consists of iron, globin, and bilirubin (from the heme). Iron and globin are recycled some bilirubin is excreted in bile.
Pancreas
• Islets of Langerhans produce insulin and glucagon
• Acini produce pancreatic juice –– Sodium bicarbonate– Amylase– Trypsin– Lipase– Ribonuclease– Deoxyribonuclease
Intestinal Juice
• Water and mucus• Maltase, Sucrase and lactase• Peptidase• Ribonuclease• Deoxyribonuclease
Lactose intolerance = no lactase
Summary Chart on Digestion
Terms & Diseases
• Caries and plaque
• Peritonitis
• Peptic ulcers
• Appendicitis
• Tumors
• Cirrhosis
More terms
• Diverticulosis, diverticulitis, diverticulum• Hepatitis• Biliary calculi (gallstones)• Borborygmus• Cholecystitis• Cholelithiasis• Colitis• Colostomy
More Terms
• Dysphagia• Hernia• Ascites• Bruxism• Laparoscopy• Pancreatitis• Pyloric stenosis• Lithotrypsy
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