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4/22/13
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Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Thirty Years War u 1618 Bohemia (Czech kingdom)
u Protestants don’t trust Ferdinand (Holy Roman Emperor) who is a foreigner and Catholic
u Ferdinand closes some Protestant churches, Protestants revolt, Ferdinand sends in Army
u Protestant fight back = 30 years War u 2 main phases
u Hapsburg Triumphs u First 12 years Hapsburg armies from Austira and Spain crush
Protestant princes armies. u Ferdinand paid an army of 125,000 by allowing them to plunder or
rob German villages. Destroy everything in their path u Hapsburg defeats
u Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden shifted the tide of war u Drive Hapsburg armies out of northern Germany
u Gustavus Adolphus killed in battle 1632 u Cardinal Reichelieu and Cardinal Mazarin of France dominate the
rest of war. u Catholic, but fear the Hapsburg more then the Protestants
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Thirty Years War
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Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Thirty Years War u Peace of Westphalia
u War damages Germany u Population drops from 20 million to 16 million u Economy ruined- trade/agriculture u One of reasons that Germany doesn’t become a
unified country. u Important consequences
u Weakens Hapsburg states (Spain and Austria) u German Princes are independent of the Holy
Roman Emperor u Ended religious wars u Peace negotiations can end a war.(still used today)
Ø Austria Ø Hapsburgs of Austria become absolute
monarchs Ø Conquered Bohemia during the 30 years War Ø Wipe out Protestants & create a new Czech nobility
loyal to them Ø Retake Hungary from Ottoman Empire
Ø 1711 Charles VI becomes ruler. Ø Diverse country –Czechs, Bohemians, Hungarians,
Italians, Croatians, & Germans. Ø Hard to keep it together….. Crowned king in 3
countries keeps it somewhat together.
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Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Central Governments of Europe Ø Austria
Ø Maria Theresa takes Throne. Ø Tries to enable Hapsburgs continual rule of
throne Ø Agree to recognize his daughter as heir.
Ø Suppose to assure peace, but….. Ø Face years of war Ø Prussia (north of Austria) main foe Ø Woman can’t lead
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Prussia challenges Austria u Hohenzollerns ruling family, control states of
Brandenburg & Prussia u Destruction of 30 years war, feel they need a strong
Army u Frederick William “Great Elector” = absolute monarch
u Army of 80,000 u Tax heavily to pay army u Resistance from nobles (Junkers)
u They become officers. u Prussia becomes a military state
u King and nobles tied to military
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Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Prussia challenges Austria u Frederick the Great (Frederick II)
u Frederick Williams son is Frederick the Great u Loves music, philosophy, poetry u 1730 Frederick’s father punishes his rebellious son
by beheading his friend u Eventually rules and softened his father’s laws u Become like a “father to the people”
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Prussia challenges Austria u 1740, Frederick the Great vs Maria Theresa
u Frederick underestimates Maria u Maria gets Hungarians nobles to help her. u Great Britian joins Austria to fight France who was
Prussia ally. u Peace treaty gives Prussia Silessia
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Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
Seven years war v Maria Theresa (Austria) decides the French were no
longer their chief enemy u She makes an alliance with them u Prussia (Frederick) signs treaty with Britian (Austria’s
former ally) u THEY HAVE SWITCHED ALLIANCES……. u Russia is also added to the alliances
u 1756 Frederick attacks Saxony (Austrian ally) u Every one who has alliance is in war and the 7 years
war starts u No boundaries change u BRITIAN EMERGED AS VICTOR BY GAINING SOLE
DOMININATION OF INDIA!!!!
Chapter 21 Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash
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