Chapter 2 The Solar System Section 1 Observing the Solar System

Chapter 2 The Solar Chapter 2 The Solar SystemSystem

Section 1 Observing the Section 1 Observing the Solar SystemSolar System

Ch. 2, section 1 Observing the Ch. 2, section 1 Observing the Solar System ObjectivesSolar System Objectives

Explain how the heliocentric and Explain how the heliocentric and geocentric models of the solar geocentric models of the solar system differsystem differ

Describe Kepler’s discovery about Describe Kepler’s discovery about the planet’s orbitthe planet’s orbit

Identify two factors that keep the Identify two factors that keep the planets in their orbits.planets in their orbits.

1.1. GeocentricGeocentric

A description of the solar system in which A description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around Earth.all of the planets revolve around Earth.

2. 2. HeliocentricHeliocentric

A description of the solar system in which all A description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around the sun.of the planets revolve around the sun.

3. 3. EllipseEllipse

An elongated circle, or oval shape.An elongated circle, or oval shape.

4. 4. InertiaInertia

The tendency of a moving object to continue The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.remain in place.

1. In a _________________, Earth is at the center 1. In a _________________, Earth is at the center of the revolving planets.of the revolving planets.

geocentric system

2. In a _________________, Earth and the other 2. In a _________________, Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.planets revolve around the sun.

heliocentric system

3. Galileo’s two discoveries to support the heliocentric 3. Galileo’s two discoveries to support the heliocentric system were:system were:

- he saw __________ ___________ revolving around - he saw __________ ___________ revolving around Jupiter.Jupiter.

- he also saw that ____________ goes through phases - he also saw that ____________ goes through phases similar to those of Earth’s moon.similar to those of Earth’s moon.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6AHDhmJXKohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6AHDhmJXKo

four moons

Venus

4. Kepler discovered that the orbit of each planet is 4. Kepler discovered that the orbit of each planet is an __________.an __________.ellipse

5. Newton concluded that two factors: _________ 5. Newton concluded that two factors: _________ and __________ combine to keep the planets in and __________ combine to keep the planets in orbit.orbit.

inertiagravity

Chapter 2 The Solar Chapter 2 The Solar SystemSystem

Section 2 The SunSection 2 The Sun

Ch. 2, section 2 The Sun Ch. 2, section 2 The Sun ObjectivesObjectives

Explain how the sun gets its energyExplain how the sun gets its energy

Identify the layers of the sun’s Identify the layers of the sun’s atmosphereatmosphere

Describe some features of the sun’s Describe some features of the sun’s surfacesurface

1.1. Nuclear FusionNuclear Fusion

The process by which hydrogen atoms join The process by which hydrogen atoms join together to form helium, releasing energy.together to form helium, releasing energy.

2.2. CoreCore

The central part of the sun, where nuclear The central part of the sun, where nuclear fusion occurs.fusion occurs.

3. 3. PhotospherePhotosphere

The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere.The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere.

4. 4. ChromosphereChromosphere

The middle layer of the sun’s atmosphere.The middle layer of the sun’s atmosphere.

5. 5. CoronaCorona

The outer layer of the sun’s atmosphere.The outer layer of the sun’s atmosphere.

6. 6. Solar windSolar wind

A stream of electrically charged particles A stream of electrically charged particles produced by the sun’s corona.produced by the sun’s corona.

7. 7. SunspotSunspot

A dark area of gas on the sun that is cooler A dark area of gas on the sun that is cooler than surrounding gases.than surrounding gases.

8. 8. ProminenceProminence

A loop of gas that protrudes from the sun’s A loop of gas that protrudes from the sun’s surface, linking parts of sunspot regions.surface, linking parts of sunspot regions.

9. 9. Solar flareSolar flare

An explosion of hydrogen gas from the An explosion of hydrogen gas from the sun’s surface that occurs when loops in sun’s surface that occurs when loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect.sunspot regions suddenly connect.

1. The sun’s __________ comes from nuclear 1. The sun’s __________ comes from nuclear fusion.fusion.

energy

2. Nuclear fusion takes place in the sun’s 2. Nuclear fusion takes place in the sun’s _________. _________. core

3. The sun’s atmosphere has three layers: the 3. The sun’s atmosphere has three layers: the ____________, the ____________, and the ____________, the ____________, and the __________.__________.

photosphere chromospherecorona

4. During a _______________, you can see light 4. During a _______________, you can see light from the corona.from the corona.

total solar eclipse

5. Features on or above the sun’s surface include 5. Features on or above the sun’s surface include ___________, _____________, and ___________, _____________, and ____________.____________.sunspots prominencessolar flares

Chapter 2 The Solar Chapter 2 The Solar SystemSystem

Section 3 The Inner Section 3 The Inner PlanetsPlanets

Ch. 2, section 3. The Inner Planets Ch. 2, section 3. The Inner Planets Objectives:Objectives:

Describe the main characteristics of Describe the main characteristics of the inner planets.the inner planets.

1.1. Terrestrial planetsTerrestrial planets

The name given to the four inner planets: The name given to the four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

2. 2. Retrograde rotationRetrograde rotation

The spinning motion of a planet from east to The spinning motion of a planet from east to west, opposite to the direction of rotation of west, opposite to the direction of rotation of most planets and moons.most planets and moons.

3. 3. Greenhouse effectGreenhouse effect

The trapping of heat by a planet’s The trapping of heat by a planet’s atmosphere.atmosphere.

1. The four inner planets are ___________, 1. The four inner planets are ___________, _________, __________, and ___________._________, __________, and ___________.

Mercury

Venus Earth Mars

2. The four inner planets are __________ and 2. The four inner planets are __________ and have _________ surfaces.have _________ surfaces.

smallrocky

3. The planet closest to the sun is __________. 3. The planet closest to the sun is __________. Mercury

4. Mercury has an extremely _________ 4. Mercury has an extremely _________ atmosphere. atmosphere.

thin

5. Venus rotates from __________ to _________, 5. Venus rotates from __________ to _________, the opposite direction from most other planets and the opposite direction from most other planets and moons.moons.

east west

6. The atmosphere of Venus is so _________ that 6. The atmosphere of Venus is so _________ that every day is a __________ one.every day is a __________ one.

thickcloudy

7. Astronomers have found that some water 7. Astronomers have found that some water remains on Mars in the form of ___________ at its remains on Mars in the form of ___________ at its north pole.north pole.

ice

Chapter 2 The Solar Chapter 2 The Solar SystemSystem

Section 4 The Outer Section 4 The Outer PlanetsPlanets

Ch. 2, section 4. The outer planets Ch. 2, section 4. The outer planets ObjectivesObjectives

Describe the main characteristics of Describe the main characteristics of the gas giant planetsthe gas giant planets

Explain how Pluto differs from the Explain how Pluto differs from the outer planetsouter planets

1.1. Gas GiantsGas Giants

The name given to the four outer planets: The name given to the four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

1. The four outer planets are __________, 1. The four outer planets are __________, _________, __________, and ___________._________, __________, and ___________.

JupiterSaturn Uranus Neptune

2. Because the gas giants have so much mass, 2. Because the gas giants have so much mass, they exert a much stronger ____________ they exert a much stronger ____________ ___________ than the terrestrial planets.___________ than the terrestrial planets.

gravitationalforce

3. The four outer planets have deep 3. The four outer planets have deep _____________._____________.atmospheres

4. None of the gas giants has a __________ 4. None of the gas giants has a __________ _________._________.

solidsurface

5. An especially interesting feature in Jupiter’s 5. An especially interesting feature in Jupiter’s atmosphere is its ________ _________ ________.atmosphere is its ________ _________ ________.Great Red

Spot

6. Jupiter’s four moons are ______, _______, 6. Jupiter’s four moons are ______, _______, __________, and _________.__________, and _________.

Io EuropaGanymede Callisto

7. Saturn’s rings are made of chunks of 7. Saturn’s rings are made of chunks of _________ and __________, each traveling in its _________ and __________, each traveling in its own orbit.own orbit.

ice rock

8. Strangely, Uranus’s axis is tilted at an angle of 8. Strangely, Uranus’s axis is tilted at an angle of about ___________ from the vertical.about ___________ from the vertical.90 degrees

9. Viewed from Earth, Uranus is rotating from 9. Viewed from Earth, Uranus is rotating from ________ to _________ instead of from ________ to _________ instead of from _________ to ___________._________ to ___________.top bottomside side

10. The planet Neptune was discovered as a result 10. The planet Neptune was discovered as a result of a ____________ ___________. of a ____________ ___________. mathematical prediction

Chapter 2 The Solar Chapter 2 The Solar SystemSystem

Section 5 Comets, Section 5 Comets, Asteroids, and MeteorsAsteroids, and Meteors

Ch. 2, section 5 Comets, Asteroids, Ch. 2, section 5 Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors Objectivesand Meteors Objectives

Describe the characteristics of Describe the characteristics of comets and asteroidscomets and asteroids

Identify where meteoroids come fromIdentify where meteoroids come from

1.1. CometComet

A ball of ice and dust whose orbit is a long, A ball of ice and dust whose orbit is a long, narrow ellipse.narrow ellipse.

2. 2. AsteroidsAsteroids

Objects revolving around the sun that are too Objects revolving around the sun that are too small and too numerous to be considered small and too numerous to be considered planets.planets.

3. 3. Asteroid beltAsteroid belt

The region of the solar system between the The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many asteroids are found.asteroids are found.

4. 4. MeteoroidMeteoroid

A chunk of rock or dust in space.A chunk of rock or dust in space.

5. 5. MeteorMeteor

A streak of light in the sky produced by the A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth’s burning of a meteoroid in Earth’s atmosphere.atmosphere.

6. 6. MeteoriteMeteorite

A meteoroid that has hit Earth’s surface.A meteoroid that has hit Earth’s surface.

1. Comets are chunks of _________ and 1. Comets are chunks of _________ and _________ whose orbits are usually very long , _________ whose orbits are usually very long , narrow ellipses.narrow ellipses.

icedust

2. Most asteroids revolve around the sun between 2. Most asteroids revolve around the sun between the orbits of _________ and __________. the orbits of _________ and __________. Mars Jupiter

3. ___________ usually come from comets or 3. ___________ usually come from comets or asteroids.asteroids.Meteoroids

4. Meteoroids that enter the Earth’s atmosphere 4. Meteoroids that enter the Earth’s atmosphere are called ___________.are called ___________.meteors

5. Meteoroids that pass through the atmosphere 5. Meteoroids that pass through the atmosphere and hit Earth’s surface are called __________.and hit Earth’s surface are called __________.meteorites

Section 5 reading.Section 5 reading.

Video: Video: – Part 1: (9:22 minutes)Part 1: (9:22 minutes)– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dku64Ad3ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dku64Ad3a

gAgA

– Part 2 (10:20 minutes) Part 2 (10:20 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29byorgwMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29byorgwMGYGY

Chapter 2 The Solar Chapter 2 The Solar SystemSystem

Section 6 Is There Life Section 6 Is There Life Beyond Earth?Beyond Earth?

Ch. 2, section 6 Is There Life Ch. 2, section 6 Is There Life Beyond Earth? ObjectivesBeyond Earth? Objectives

Describe what living things need to Describe what living things need to exist on Earthexist on Earth

Explain why scientists are looking at Explain why scientists are looking at Mars and Europa for signs of lifeMars and Europa for signs of life

1.1. Extraterrestrial lifeExtraterrestrial life

Life that arises outside of Earth.Life that arises outside of Earth.

1. Earth has ___________ and a 1. Earth has ___________ and a ___________________ and ___________ for ___________________ and ___________ for living things to survive. living things to survive.

liquid watersuitable temp. range atmosphere

2. Since life as we know it requires __________, 2. Since life as we know it requires __________, scientists hypothesize that ________ may have scientists hypothesize that ________ may have once had the conditions needed for life to exist.once had the conditions needed for life to exist.

waterMars

3. If there is liquid water on ________, there might 3. If there is liquid water on ________, there might also be life.also be life.

Europa