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7/28/2019 Chapter 14 - Working & Writing
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14-1McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
Chapter 14Working & Writing
in Groups
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14-2McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
Interpersonal Communication
Crucial for teamwork and building trust
Includes multiple skills
Listening
Conflict resolution
Nonverbal
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Active Listening
To create active responses
1. Paraphrase content
2. Mirror speakers feelings
3. Ask for
information/clarification
4. Offer to help solve theproblem
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Avoid Listening Errors
To reduce errors
Paraphrase what the speaker has said
Check your understanding withspeaker
Write down key points
Dont ignore instructions that seemunnecessary
Consider speakers background
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Five Blocking Responses
1. Ordering,
threatening
2. Preaching,criticizing
3. Interrogating
4. Minimizing theproblem
5. Advising
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Group Interactions: Three Dimensions
Informationalfocus on content:
problem, data, solutions
Procedural messagesfocus onmethods, processes
Interpersonalfocus on people,
cooperation, group loyalty
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Life Stages of Group Interactions
Formation
Coordination
Formalization
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Positive Roles in Groups
Task Goals
Seeking
information,
opinions
Giving
information,
opinions
Coordinatin
g
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Positive Actions in Groups
Encouraging
participation
Relieving tensions Checking feelings
Solving interpersonal
problems Listening actively
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Negative Actions in Groups
Dominating
Clowning
Overspeaking
Blocking
Withdrawing
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Group Leadership
Informationalcreate, assess ideas and
text
Interpersonalcheck feelings, resolveconflict, monitor process
Proceduralset agenda, keep members
informed, check on assignments
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Decision-Making: Standard Agenda
1. Understand what group has to deliver
2. Identify problem
3. Gather information4. Establish criteria
5. Generate alternative solutions
6. Measure alternatives against criteria
7. Choose best solution
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Attributes of Successful Student Groups
Assign specific tasks, set clear
deadlines, schedule frequent meetings
Listen carefully to each other
Establish proportionate work loads
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Attributes of Successful Student Groups
Develop inclusive decision-making style
Listen to criticism and improve
performance
Deal directly with conflicts
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Peer Pressure & Groupthink
Groupthinktendency for groups to
value agreement so highly they punish
dissent
Correctives to groupthink
Search for alternatives
Test assumptions
Protect rights of individuals to disagree
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Diverse Groups
Differences affect how people behave in
group, what they expect from group
Gender
Class
Race
Ethnicity
Age
Religion
Sexual orientation
Physical ability
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Nonverbal Communication
Open body positions
Leaning forward with uncrossed
arms and legs
Arms away from body
Closed (defensive) body positions
Leaning back, hands behind head
Arms and legs crossed
Hands in pockets
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Conflict Resolution
1. Make sure people involved actually
disagree
2. Ensure that everyone has correct
information
3. Discover needs each person is trying to
meet
4. Search for alternatives
5. Repair negative feelings
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Constructive Responses to Criticism
Paraphrasing
Checking for feelings
Checking inferences
Buying time with
limited agreement
Using you-attitude
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Effective Meeting Guidelines
Make purpose explicit
Distribute an agenda
Allow time for discussion
Use omnibus motion Pay attention to people and
process as well as tasks
Summarize consensus
Summarize decisions
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Collaborative Writing
Working with other writers to
produce a single document
Requires attention to Group formation progress
Conflict resolution
Steps in writing process
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Make Group Process Work
Note that people express themselvesdifferently
Dont assume total agreement
Allow ample time to discuss problems
Get to know group members, build loyalty
Attend all meetings; carry out your duties
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