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Know-Nothing Party
•Political party in the United States during the 1850s that was against recent immigrants and Roman Catholics
Why People Migrated• 1) Most immigrants endured hardships to
come to America.• 2) Many immigrants came from Britain,
Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia, and China.• 3) Push Factors include Population growth,
agricultural changes, crop failures, industrial revolution, and religious and political turmoil.• 4) Pull Factors are Freedom, economic
opportunity, and abundant land.
Scandinavians Seek Land
• 1) Public land in America was sold for $1.25 an acre, which lured thousands of Scandinavians• 2) The Swedish government tried to
halt emigration with restricting laws, but they did not last.• 3) Scandinavians chose regions that felt
familiar like Minnesota and Wisconsin
Germans Pursue Economic Opportunity• 1) Germans moved to the Midwest because of
climate similar to their native land• 2) Germans also settled in Texas because
German nobles bought land and sold it to German immigrants• 3) German immigrants worked as bakers,
butchers, carpenters, printers, shoemakers, and tailors• 4) The Germans were the largest immigrant
group of the 1800s and strongly influenced American culture
The Irish Flee Hunger
• 1) Because of the poverty and lack of rights by Britain’s rule, some Irish came to America in the early 1800s.• 2) Then, a disease attacked Ireland’s main food
crop, the potato, causing severe food shortage called a famine• 3) Irish farmers became city-dwellers in America
arriving with little or no savings• 4) The uneducated Irish immigrants arrived with
few skills and had to take low-paying, back-breaking jobs.
U.S. Cities Face Overcrowding
• 1) New York's population jumped from 60,000-202,000. Some cities were doubling population every 7-9 years• 2) Rapid growth brought problems, not
enough housing, greedy landlords, and cramped living conditions• 3) Cities were unprepared to tackle these
problems, before 1845 New York City had no public police force.
Some Americans Oppose Immigration• 1) Some native-born Americans feared that
immigrants were too foreign to learn American ways• 2) Immigrants faced anger and prejudice• 3) Native-born Americans who wanted to
eliminate foreign influence called themselves nativists• 4) They started a party called the Know-
Nothing Party that wanted to ban Catholics and foreigners from holding office.
Bell work
• Imagine you were in Ireland during the Potato famine. Your family only has enough money to put you on the steerage of the next boat to America.
• 1) Would you go knowing you had to use the last of your families money? (You might never see them again and they are starving and now have no money themselves)
• 2) What would you do and where would you go once your ship landed?
Frederick Douglass
•Abolitionist and journalist who became an influential lecturer in the North and abroad
Abolitionists Call for Ending Slavery• 1) By 1804 Northern states had outlawed slavery• 2) Many news articles were being printed about
ending slavery• 3) Two famous abolitionists were Southern
women Sarah and Angelina Grimke, women were not supposed to lecture in public but they did anyway• 4) John Quincy Adams was in favor of fighting
slavery
Eye Witnesses to Slavery
• 1) Two moving abolitionist speakers, Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth, spoke from their own experiences• 2) People didn’t believe Douglass used to
be enslaved because he spoke so well, he wrote a book about his experiences as a slave• 3) Sojourner Truth was also a slave and a
good speaker, she fled her owners and lived with Quakers who set her free
The Underground Railroad
•1) Some brave people helped slaves escape to freedom along the Underground Railroad•2) it was actually an aboveground
series of escape routes from the South to the North•3) The runaways usually traveled by
night and hid by day in places called stations
Harriet Tubman
•1) One of the most famous conductors on the Underground Railroad was Harriet Tubman•2) After escaping, Harriet made 19
dangerous journeys to free other people
Women Reformers Face Barriers• 1) Two other well known women abolitionists
were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott• 2) However, these women face their own
problems, they could not enter anti-slavery conventions because they were women• 3) Most men agreed that women should stay out
of public life, women in the 1800s enjoyed few legal or political rights• 4) Stanton and Mott decided to hold a
convention to demand equality for women
The Seneca Falls Convention
• 1) Stanton and Mott held a convention for women’s rights• 2) The motto of the convention was “all
men and women are created equal”• 3) many people poked fun at women who
wanted to vote and be involved in politics
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