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Chapter 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages
1300 - 1450
iMater AcademyAP European History
Ms. Blank
Chapter 12John Green – The Dark Ages: https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7CanyzhZg
(watch to 4:05)
Key Terms/Concepts:Black Death
Reactions to BD
Economics of BD
Peasant Revolts
100 Years War
Scholasticism
Black Death:Hit Italy first (Sicily) 1347
◦France: 1348◦England: 1349◦Eastern Europe & Russia: 1351
Started in Asia w/ Mongol invasions
Spread by fleas on black ratsRats came to Europe on ships;
diffused through trade routes throughout Europe
“A man suffering from buboes and splotches”
Black Death:Famine killed 10% of population
during 1st ¼ of 14th Century
¼ population dead (estimates range from 25% - 33%)
Major outbreaks in 1361-1362 & 1369
Little outbreaks until end of 15th century
Reactions to BD:Sent by God as a punishmentCaused by the DevilFlagellants—attempted to repent
for man’s sins◦Some killed Jews◦Went around whipping themselves in
public squaresArmageddonAnti-Semitism
◦Jews blamed for plague
“Procession of the Flagellants”
“The Black Death in a European town”
Economics of BD:Labor shortagePrices fellAristocratic income drops 20%
(England)Aristocratic position goes downPeasant position goes upManor system weakenedTaxes went up
Peasant Revolts:1358
◦France◦Known as the Jacquerie
1381◦England◦Known as English Peasant Revolt of
1381Other revolts throughout Europe
◦1382 & 1378
Jacquerie
English Peasant Revolt of 1381:
Jean Froissart's 'Chronicles
15th Century
100 Years War: Key CausesBoth English & French Royalty
descended from William of Normandy◦Norman Conquest 1066
English royalty were vassals to French Kings based on their titles in France
This issue of succession would be a recurring theme
100 Years War: Causes1259
◦Henry III ceded all French territory back to France, except Germany Moron! His father was just as stupid!! King John,
lost Normandy & Anjou
14th Century◦Right of Succession dispute with French
king (Philip VI) Both Edward III & Philip VI had claim to throne
◦Edward III refused homage to French king◦Philip VI seized Gascony (controlled by
England at this point)◦England declared war
100 Years War:Key Battles
◦Battle of Poitiers English victory
◦Peace of Bretigny Ransom of captured French king (he was a loser) Had to give into England’s demands
Results◦End of English attempts to control continental
territory◦Beginning of English focus on maritime
supremacy◦Huge advances in military technology and
science ◦Establishment of professional standing armies
100 Years War: Battle of Crécy, 1346
100 Years War:
Modern artist’s depictionPat Nicolle
100 Years War:Battle of Agincourt(1415)
Scholasticism:Intellectual model of MA’s
Championed by Peter Abelard & Thomas Aquinas
Key Ideas◦Faith & reason can be reconciled and work
together◦Use of philosophical knowledge in
explaining and defending the truths of faith◦Empirical observations not important◦Written by & for clergy
THE END
SEE YOU NEXT TIME
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