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Chapter 12Chapter 12AIRAIR
Mr. ManskopfMr. ManskopfNotes Also At Notes Also At http://www.manskopf.com
Why Care About The Air?
You breathe out of which layer?
Take a deep breath
Chapter 12 Air Big IdeaChapter 12 Air Big Idea
There are a variety of human There are a variety of human activities that impact air quality activities that impact air quality that can affect both the health of that can affect both the health of humans and other organisms. humans and other organisms.
Section 1: What Causes Air Section 1: What Causes Air PollutionPollution
What are the main sources of air What are the main sources of air pollution?pollution?
Describe how smog formsDescribe how smog forms Explain what a temperature inversion Explain what a temperature inversion
is and how it can make are pollution is and how it can make are pollution worse.worse.
TERMS: primary and secondary air TERMS: primary and secondary air pollution, catalytic converter, ZEVs, pollution, catalytic converter, ZEVs, smog, temperature inversionsmog, temperature inversion
What Causes Air Pollution?
Air pollution is harmful substances in the air
To plants, animals and other organisms
Impact ecosystem functions
WHAT SHOULD BE IN THE AIR?
Some Natural Most Human Made
Can you think of other human made AND natural sources of air pollution?
Primary vs. Secondary
Primary pollutant: put directly in the air
(soot from smoke)
Secondary forms when primary pollutant react with other pollutants
(Smog)
Primary vs. Secondary
Primary vs. Secondary
Major Classes of Air Pollution Table 1Carbon Oxides (CO and CO2)Sulfur Oxides (SO2)Nitrogen Oxides (NO and NO2)Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs – CFCs)Suspended Particulate Matter (soot, dust, asbestos, lead etc.)Photochemical Oxidants (ozone O3)Radioactive Substances (Radon)Hazardous Air Pollutants (carcinogens, etc.)
Sources of Air PollutionMain Sources of Air
Pollution Burning fossil fuels
in cars and at power plants (coal, oil and natural gas)
Urban areas vehicles and industry
Mobile vs. Stationary Sources
What can you learn from this graph?
Human Made vs. Natural
History of Air Pollution
Not a new problem Why do you think
world air-quality today is a bigger problem?
History of Air Pollution Not a “new” problem,
but scale has changed during industrial revol.
London “smog” killed 2,000 in 1880, 1,000 in 1911 and between 4,000 and 12,000 in 1952
1948 Donora PA 6,000 sick
1963 NYC 300 killed
Today’s U.S. Air Quality
http://airnow.gov/U.S. Government Web Site With Up To Minute Air Quality
Data From Monitors Across the country
http://www.epa.gov/air/data/geosel.html
U.S. EPA Air Quality Data: Tons of data regarding air quality across the U.S.
http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/EPA report on air trends in U.S.
Smog(Smoky – Fog) Smog Secondary
Pollutant in many urban areas
Forms from chemical reaction
Vehicle exhaust Needs sunlight and
warm temperatures OZONE
SmogVOCs + NOx + heat + Sunlight = Ground Level
Ozone (O3)
Huge Problem in cities like LA…WHY?
Smog Levels Are Influenced By:Local climateTopographyPopulation DensityAmount of industryTransportation
Smog: Why care?Smog Impacts:Breathing ProblemsCoughing, Eye IrritationAggravates asthma, heart problemsSpeeds up aging of lung tissueDamage plantsReduce Visibility
Smog and Temperature Inversion
Normally as you go up in the troposphere what happens to temperature?Temperature
Inversion occurs when a warmer layer forms above a cooler layer
•Traps air near ground
Temperature Inversion
Helena Montana
Clean Air Act U.S. Law Passed
Congress in 1970 and strengthened 1990
Has been huge success
93% lower Pb, 41% CO, 40% VOCs, 34% PM-10, 33% SO2, 15% NOx, 14% O3, PM-2.5 8%
Clean Air Act
Cars today are about 95% cleaner running
Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEV)
Have no tailpipe emissions
Chevy Volt 2010: will travel 30 miles on a battery before gas engine kicks in
Nissan Leaf travels about 100 miles before needing to be charged again
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f48x9baSuF0
Clean Air Act
Requires industries to clean up smokestack emissions
Requires Scrubbers
Scrubbers
Monitors like these can tell us air quality data in real time
Section 1 Review
What are the main sources of air What are the main sources of air pollution?pollution?
Describe how smog formsDescribe how smog forms Explain what a temperature inversion Explain what a temperature inversion
is and how it can make are pollution is and how it can make are pollution worse.worse.
TERMS: primary and secondary air TERMS: primary and secondary air pollution, catalytic converter, ZEVs, pollution, catalytic converter, ZEVs, smog, temperature inversionsmog, temperature inversion
Dehli’s Daunting Air Problem
http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/business/2010/08/24/qmb.future.cities.delhi.air.cnn.html
Section 2 Air, Noise and Light Pollution
GOALS: Describe human health impacts of air
pollution. What is indoor air pollution? Why is noise pollution and light pollution
a problem? TERMS: sick-building syndrome, asbestos,
decibel.
How do we breathe?
CNN Human Health and Air
http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/11/16/urban.toxic.air/index.html?eref=rss_latest&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2Fcnn_latest+%28RSS%3A+Most+Recent%29&utm_content=Google+Feedfetcher
Short-term health impacts
Short term exposure to air pollution include:
Headache, nausea, eye and throat irritation, coughing
Asthma attacks
Short-term Impacts
Long-term impacts
Long term exposure to air pollution can lead to
Lung cancer other lung diseases, heart disease, emphysema, premature death
Elderly and children most at risk
Normal looking lung
Lung term smoker exposed to air pollution
Indoor Air Pollution
Air quality is sometimes worse inside our homes and buildings
People spend 70-98% of time indoors
Sick Building Syndrome
Buildings with poor air quality and poor ventilation
Headache Fatigue Runny nose Fixed with improved
ventilation, cleaning air ducts, opening windows
Sources of indoor air pollutionPlastics, carpets, cleaning fluids, radon
Indoor Air Pollution: Radon
Radon: colorless, odorless gas
Naturally occurring in certain rocks
Seeps into homes through cracks
Carcinogen (Causes Cancer)
NJ, of the annual 4,700 lung cancer deaths, as many as 140-250 may be associated with radon exposure.
Indoor Air Pollution: Asbestos
Naturally occurring Long thin fibers Used for many
years for insulation and fire retardant
When inhaled can cause cancer and other lung problems
Scars the lungs when inhaled
Asbestos in El Dorado, CA
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=692139n
Noise Pollution
Common in most urban areas
Can lead to stress, high blood pressure and hearing loss
12% of teens have permanent hearing loss
WHY DO YOU THINK?
Light Pollution
Common in urban areas
Has a negative impact on our environment
Energy wasted Solutions?
Review Section 2
Describe human health impacts of air pollution.
What is indoor air pollution? Why is noise pollution and light
pollution a problem? TERMS: sick-building syndrome,
asbestos, decibel.
Section 3 Acid Precipitation
GOALS: Explain how acid precipitation is caused Describe the impacts of acid
precipitation Identify ways that the acid precipitation
problems can be solved TERMS: acid precipitation, pH and acid
shock
pH
Is a number scale used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is.
0 to 14
Acid Precipitation
Rain, snow, sleet, freezing rain or hail with high concentration of acids
Tap Water pH = 7 “Normal” rain pH =
5-6 Acid rain pH below 5
Acid Rain
Secondary Pollutant
Sulfur and Nitrogen oxides
Main source of Sulfur Dioxide in U.S. is coal burning at power plants
Impacts of Acid Precipitation Damages soil and
aquatic ecosystems
Damages statues and buildings
Destroys forests
Acid Precipitation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RP-sU8i2edo
Good news : Clean Air Act in U.S. has led to much lower SO2 and NOx pollution
Section 3 Review
Explain how acid precipitation is caused
Describe the impacts of acid precipitation
Identify ways that the acid precipitation problems can be solved
TERMS: acid precipitation, pH and acid shock
What will be the future?
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