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Chapter 11 – The age of reformation. Part II October 6, 2009. The Age of Reformation. In the 1520’s, a powerful religious movement began in Saxony in Germany. It spread rapidly throughout northern Europe It affected society, politics and the spiritual lives of men and women - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Part IIOctober 6, 2009
In the 1520’s, a powerful religious movement began in Saxony in Germany.
It spread rapidly throughout northern Europe
It affected society, politics and the spiritual lives of men and women
It was a broad revolt against the superstitions on the medieval church.
The Protestant Reformation took place at a time of sharp conflict with the newly emerging nation-states.
These nation-states were looking for conformity and centralization.
Many of the towns were concerned about the loss of local authority and looked to the reformation as an ally against the loss of their power
The reformation broke out first in the imperial free cities of Germany and Switzerland.
The protestant movement attracted followers from different areas: Economically prosperous members of local
guilds Those with a history of opposition to the
encroaching government authority of nation-states
People who felt bullied or pushed around by government
The Reformation was helped greatly by the emperor’s war with France and the ottoman Turks.
He sought friendly relations with German Princes
He allowed the German Princes to enforce the Edict of Worms against Luther
This basically gave each ruler territorial sovereignty in religious matters.
The Reformation passed from the hands of theologians into the hands of rulers
They began to change reform from merely slogans to laws which must be obeyed.
This began the politicization of religious reform.
The German Peasantry looked to Luther as a natural ally.
Peasants opposed the encroaching power of their overlords in trampling their ancient rights and installing new territorial laws and taxes
They wanted a freedom from serfdom
Luther initially sympathized with the peasants.
But he drew the line at supporting a time where his religious movement became intertwined with a political movement
When the peasants revolted in 1524, they were shocked when Luther urged the princes to crush the revolt mercilessly.
Between 70,000 and 100,000 peasants were killed or executed. (Picture page 362)
Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation Discussion….page 366! Discussion of differences in the Eucharist Luther vs. Zwingli
Anabaptists and Radical Protestants Anabaptists believed that only a thoughtful
consenting adult could enter the covenant of faith
John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation
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