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8/14/2019 Chapter 10-Digestive System 2009 Hybrid
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Digestive System Diseases &
Disorders
Chapter 10
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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Digestive Distress Signals
Hiccup
Indigestion
Heartburn Nausea
Vomiting
Colic
Diarrhea
Flatulence
Constipation Fecal incontinence
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Stomatitis
Description & Etiology Herpetic stomatitis (Herpes simplex virus)
Aphthous stomatitis(Cause unknown) Symptoms
DX – physical exam
TX – topical anesthetics
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GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Description & Etiology Gastric acid contents
backup into esophagus Symptoms DX
Esophagoscopy Barium swallow
fluoroscopy
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Gastritis vs Gastroenteritis
Etiology Certain foods
Alcholic beverages
Caffein Aspirin compounds
Poisons
Symptoms
Belching, epigastric pain,cramping
DX: gastroscopy, biopsy
Etiology Bacteria
Virus
Parasites Side effects of medications
Symptoms Vomiting, epigastric pain,
cramping, diarrhea DX: Stool culture, if neg -
biopsy
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Hernias
Hiatal
Inguinal
Umbilical
Femoral
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Peptic Ulcers
Description Lesions in mucous membrane
of lower esophagus, stomach,
pylorus, duodenum or jejunum
Etiology Helicobacter pylori infection
NSAIDS Increase in stomach acids
Diagnosis
Treatment
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Description Functional disorder where bowl
doesn’t work properly
Symptoms Bloating & cramping Diarrhea or constipation Mucus in stools
Diagnosis Treatment
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Celiac Disease or
Gluten-Induced Enteropathy
Etiology Immunologic response to gliadin
fraction of gluten (antibodies to gluten)
Symptoms Weight loss Flatulence Pale, foul-smelling stools Chronic diarrhea
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Crohn’s vs Ulcerative Colitis
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Crohn’s vs Ulcerative Colitis
Symptoms Bloating/gas
Pain Diarrhea
Both are inflammatory diseases
DX: Colonoscopy with biopsy TX: Corticosteroids; Surgery
Symptoms Burning abdominal pain
Weight loss Bloody diarrhea
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Diverticular Disease
Description Bulging pouches (diverticula) in the GI tract Diverticulitis – inflammation
Caused by naturally weak places in your colon thatgive way under pressure; lack of roughage in diet
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Hemorrhoids
Varicose dilations of a vein
in the anorectal area Internal
External
Symptoms Rectal pain
Itching Bleeding
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Review of Bleeding
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Accessory Organs
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Pancreatic Disorders
Panreacatitis Inflammation of the pancreas
Etiology Alcoholism
Gallstones
Viral infections
DX: ↑Serum amylase &lipase
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Cholecystitis vs Cholelithiasis
Cholecystitis Inflammation that
leads to gallstones
Cholelithiasis Calculi that form in
bile
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Cirrhosis
Description Chronic, irreversible,
fibrous scarring
Etiology Alcoholism
Hepatitis (B & C)
Hemochromatosis
Toxic drugs/chemicals
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Cirrhosis vs Hepatitis
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Hepatitis
Etiology: HAV HBV
HCV Symptoms:
Fever Tiredness Loss of appetite Nausea & vomiting Jaundice
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Hepatitis
Hepatitis B & C
transmitted by blood,
semen, vaginal
secretions and saliva
Prevention
Hepatitis B vaccine
No prevention for HCV
Infectious Hepatitis (HAV)
Fecal-oral transmission
Highly contagious
Prevention
Hepatitis A vaccine for
long-term protection
Good personal hygieneand sanitation
Immune globulin for
short-term prevention
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Hepatitis Diagnosis
Elevated liver enzymes ALT, AST
Antigen or Antibody testing
HBsAg, ABcAg, ABeAg, HCV-RNA Anti-HBc, Anti-HBs Anti-HAV; anti-HCV
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Pancreatic & Liver Cancer
Description Adenocarcinoma of pancreas and/or liver
Symptoms Abdominal pain, jaundice, weight loss
Diagnosis CT scans, Biopsy
Treatment Chemotherapy, radiation
Recommended