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CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Sociology
Section 1 Objectives
Write these down so you know what is expected of you!
Define sociology. Describe two uses of the
sociological perspective. Distinguish sociology from
other social sciences.
Define the following words:
Perspective Sociology Sociological Perspective Social Structure Sociological Imagination
False. Even though they make up the group and the behavior, behaviors change due to group mentality.
T/F Sociologists will look at a man or a woman.
Patterns
What is the #1 thing that sociologists look for?
What did Emile Durkheim bring to sociology?
Idea of social perspective
Bronze principle Explain this in a
brief statement.
In what ways to people conform & Why?
Eating habits, dress, religious beliefs
Individuals value the group ways
Group is more that the sum of its parts
What are the benefits of social imagination?
Not being trapped as a prisoner of group think (mob mentality)
Challenging “controversial social wisdom” – also known as ASSUME
Section 1: The Sociological Perspective
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Main Idea: Sociology studies human social behavior. It assumes a group, rather than an individual, perspective. Sociologists look for the patterns in social relationships. Individuals can benefit by using their sociological imaginations to look at events in their personal lives.
Section 2 Objectives
Write these down so you know what is expected of you!
Outline the contributions of the major pioneers of sociology.
Summarize the development of sociology in the United States.
Who, Why & When did sociology start?
Who: Auguste Comte & Harriet Martineau
Why: Social upheaval from Industrial & French Revolutions. Created to bring back a sense of community and restore order
Give 3 Facts about Auguste Comte
1. Father (Founder) of Sociology
2. Created Positivism using scientific observation in the study of social behavior
3. Distinguished between Social Statistics & Social dynamics
* You should do that as well
Facts The man, the myth, the legend!
Give 3 facts about H. Martineau
1. Translated Comte’s book Positive Philosophy
2. Made original contributions in research methods & political economic policy
3. Pioneer in feminist theory in Society in America
Her Picture – What a looker!
Fact You should not have to know her
What was Herbert Spencer’s contribution to sociology?
He forwarded the idea of Social Darwinism “Survival of the
fittest society” Poor should be
poor and rich should be rich
Magnificent Beard! This will be the new look in the winter.
What 3 things did Karl Marx believe?
Social scientists should change the world
2 class system made up of Bourgeoisie (capitalists) and Proletariat (rich)
Class conflict would lead to a classless society welcome the idea of Communism
No he was not homeless, just cold a lot
Besides the “Bronze Theory” what 2 contributions did Durkheim give to sociology? Idea that
preindustrial society had mechanical solidarity and postindustrial had organic solidarity. (might want to define those)
Use of statistics in sociology in research
He kinda looks like Col. Sanders. Anyone else thinking about chicken?
Why is M. Weber considered to have the “single most important influence on the development of sociology?”
Created “Verstehen” understanding social behaviors of others by putting yourself mentally in their place
Identified Rationalism as key for move from pre to post industrialism
What should we know about Jane Addams? Created Hull House
shelter for helping less fortunate
Won Nobel Prize in 1931 – only sociologist to do so
Was discriminated against because she was female and not a teacher. Considered more of a social worker than sociologist
Give 2 facts about W. E B. DuBois.
Attacked “Negro problem” assumption that blacks were inferior
Analyzed social structure of black community
Yosemite Sam without his Hat.
Section 2: The Origins of Sociology
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Main Idea: Sociology is a young science. It started with the writings of European scholars like Auguste Comte, Harriet Martineau, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. Jane Addams and W.E.B. Du Bois helped to focus America’s attention on social issues. After World War II, America took the lead in developing the field of sociology.
Section 3 Objectives
Write these down so you know what is expected of you!
Identify the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology today.
What is theoretical perspective?A set of assumptions accepted as true. What is wrong with this statement.
List at least 5 things that would fall into this category.
Approach to sociology that emphasizes the contributions made by each part of society.
What is functionalism?
What 2 ideas does functionalism have on social change?It sees the parts of society as an integrated whole
Assumes that societies tend to return to a state of stability after some upheaval occurs.
List and describe the 3 functions.Manifest Function intended & recognized consequences of an aspect of society.
List and describe the 3 functions.Latent
Function Unintended & unrecognized consequences of an aspect of society
List and describe the 3 functions.Dysfunction negative consequence of an aspect of society
Functionalism & Values?
Consensus of Values accounts for high degree of cooperation found in any society
What is the conflict theory perspective?
Sociological approach emphasizing the role of conflict, competition, and constraint within society.
What is the main view of the role of conflict and constraint?
Who ever has “power” of what ever is considered valuable in a society. Power – the ability
to control the behavior of others
Females better jobs, education, more benefits, etc.
What gender has benefited more from conflict? How?
Cooley & MeadHow was it created?
Who created symbolic interactionism?
Define
Anything that stands for something else and has an agreed-upon meaning attached to it
Approach that focuses on the interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols
Symbol Symbolic interactionism
What are the 3 assumptions of symbolic interactionism? 1. We learn the meaning of a symbol
by the way others react to it. 2. Once we have learned the
meaning of symbols, we base our behavior on them.
3. We use the meanings of symbols to imagine how others will respond to our behavior.
What is dramaturgy?
Approach that depicts human interaction as theatrical performances
Section 3: Theoretical Perspectives
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Main Idea: Sociology includes three major theoretical perspectives. Functionalism views society as an integrated whole. Conflict theory looks at class, race, and gender struggles. Symbolic interactionism examines how group members use shared symbols as they interact.
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