View
234
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
1/22
Section
Chapter 1
Computers, Software andOperating Systems
Linux Essentials
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
2/22
Section
What is a Computer?
A computer processes dataaccording to a sequence ofautomatically executed
instructions, aprogram Programs must allow for
conditional execution and loops
t must !e possi!le to change orreplace the program that acomputer executes"
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
3/22
Section
Components of a Computer #$%&
Compati!le' Processor
(andom Access %emor)
*raphics Card %other!oard
Power Suppl)
+ard is-s .ptical ri/es
ispla)s
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
4/22
Section
0
1" %onitor
2"
%other!oard
3" CP4
0" (A%
5" ExpansionCards
6" PowerSuppl)
7" .ptical iscri/e
8" +ard is-
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
5/22
Section
Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'
Processor Central Processing 4nit
Automatic program&controlled data
processing Single or %ulti cores
Speed /s" heat
%a9or pla)ers PCs: ntel and A%
Smartphones and Ta!lets: A(%
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
6/22
Section
Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'
(A% (andom Access %emor)
;olatile: content is lost when computer isoes in *iga$)tes toda) $)te 8 !its
@ilo 21, %ega 22, *iga 23, Tera 20
(A% access time in nanoseconds %illi 1&3, %icro 1&6, Bano 1&
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
7/22
Section
Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'
*raphics Card Processes graphics inside a computer
Contains speciali>ed processors forgraphics
Processing graphics within CP4 /s"independent graphic card
%other!oard +ouses CP4, (A% and other components
Comes in dies and colors
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
8/22
Section
Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'
Power suppl) Supplies electricit) to computer components
Con/erts AC /oltage to C
Cooling fans +ard is-s
Permanent storage of data
+ard dis-s si>es in Tera$)tes toda)
+ard dis- access time in milliseconds is- dri/e can !e partitioned
%agnetic&coated rotating platters /s" Solid Stateis-s
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
9/22
Section
Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'
Connecting hard dis-s to mother!oard
Parallel ATA Also -nown as E #133 %$Ds'
Serial ATA #SATA' Smaller connector, power ecient, hot swapping
Speeds up to 6 %$Ds eSATA
External SATA for external connecti/it)
Firewire #EEE 130' +igh speed data transfer interface de/eloped !) Apple
Ca!le distance larger than SATA and eSATA
4S$ 4S$ 1" #1"5 %$Ds', 4S$ 2" #6 %$Ds', 4S$ 3" #G0 %$Ds'
SCS Small Computer S)stem nterface
;er) relia!le
Speeds up to 6 %$Ds
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
10/22
Section
Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'
.ptical ri/es
(eadDWrite data
C&(.%, ;, $lu&(a)
.ptical dri/es for storage /s" hard dis-s /s"cloud computing
ispla)s
Cathode&ra) tu!es #C(T'
Liquid cr)stal displa) #LC'
LE&!ac-lit LC
Comes in dies and resolutions
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
11/22
S
ection
Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'
Connecting computers to T;s
VGA DVI HDMI
Connection Analog igital igital
Audio Bo Bo Hes
De!ices PC, pro9ector PC, T; T;, pro9ector
Connector
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
12/22
S
ection
Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'
.ther peripherals PSD2
%ouse and -e)!oard Parallel port
.ld printers and scanners
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
13/22
S
ection
Software
Firmware Permanent software programmed into hardware
$.S
.perating S)stem %anages computer resources
*4 Iloo- and feelJ
Starts and stops programs
4sed to create users and groups
e/ice dri/ers %anages the communications !etween the .S and the hardware de/ice
Software interface to ena!les .S and other applications to access hardware 4ser applicationsDprograms
SpeciKc tas-sText editing
%ultimedia editing and /iewing
nternet !rowsers
etc
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
14/22
S
ection
%ost mportant .peratingS)stems
Proprietar) .perating S)stems Windows
e/eloped !) %icrosoft
Windows 3"1, 5, 2, P, 7, 8, etcM"
%acintosh e/eloped !) Apple
%AC .S is the latest /ersion
Free and open source 4nix
e/eloped in 17Ns !) ATOT $ell la!s
Linux
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
15/22
S
ection
%ost mportant .perating S)stems
Linux
First de/eloped !) Linus Tor/alds
Bot !ac-ed !) an indi/idual compan)
Freel) a/aila!le
(uns on PCs, ta!lets, smartphones, etcM" Linux -ernel
Program that handles allocation of resources toapplications
Linux distri!utions A distri!ution consists of the following
Linux -ernel
Additional free software to !uild up an .S
Word processor, e&mail client, we! !rowser, etcM
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
16/22
S
ection
Cloud Computing
Store, manage, andDor process)our data on computing resources
o/er the nternet
Cloud computing is the idea of
pro/iding computing power IondemandJ"
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
17/22
S
ection
$eneKts
(educed cost and complexit) of operatingcomputer and networ-s
(apid deplo)ment #infrastructure alread)
a/aila!le'
Customi>ation #a pool of ser/ices'
Scala!ilit) #eas) to scale up or down'
(elia!ilit) #!ac-ups, securit), a/aila!ilit) of
data'
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
18/22
S
ection
Characteristics
.n&demand self ser/ice
ndi/iduals !usiness determine when ser/ice is neededThe) manage their own computing resources
$road networ- access
.
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
19/22
S
ection
;irtuali>ation
Act of creating ;irtual /ersion ofsomething #e"g" create /irtualIcomputerJ with operating s)stem
that loo-s li-e a real computer tothe software running on them'"
An) software that supports /irtualmachine is called Ih)per/isorJ orI;irtual %achine %onitor #;%%'J"
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
20/22
S
ection
;irtuali>ation
A s)stem&le/el /irtualmachine allows the users tofull) run multiple operating
s)stems at the same time" Examples of ;%%s that create
and runs s)stem&le/el /irtualmachines .racle ;% ;irtual$ox
;%ware Pla)er
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
21/22
S
ection
+ost and *uest= The host operating s)stem is the .S
that ph)sicall) operate the hardware
4sing a h)per/isor, a num!er ofIguestJ operating s)stems can run
/irtuall) at the same time"
http:DDwindowsitpro"comDs)stems&managementD/mware&wor-station&0&orµsoft&/irtual&pc&20
7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware
22/22
S
ection
Wh) are the) important?
;irtual machines gained more
popularit) due to:
The increase in importance of
isolation and securit) in modern
s)stems
The sharing of a single computeramong man) unrelated users
The dramatic increases in raw speed
of processors o/er the decades,
which ma-es the o/erhead of the
/irtual machine more accepta!le
Recommended