Chapter 1

Chapter 1Verbs!

Weeks 1 and 2 Week 1: Verb (action word) Introduction Week 2: Noun (person, place, or thing)

Introduction

Key Concepts January 14• Verb agreement • Latin pronunciation:• Macrons • Diphthongs

Take home for the day

The Sentence

• Sentence=subject and main verb –everything else is just filler

• I am• He is

• Weepily, Wanda, having awoken late today, tells her instructor she deserves to be tardy.

Sentence The dog jumps

Sentence or Not sentence???

Not Sentence The dog good

Not sentenceTo go

Typical sentence Sally walks her small dog always.

Sally walks her small dog always.

Sally walks her small dog always. Subject: Sally Verb: walks Object: dog Possessive adjective: her Adjective: small Adverb: always

What sounds funny?? Sally walk her small dog always.

Is this a sentence?

What sounds funny?? Sally walk her small dog always.

Sally and walk do not agree.

Conjugation (the variation of the form)of walk

I walk We walk You walk Ya’ll walk He walks They walk

Latin Conjugations 1st Way: Amo, amare 2nd way: Habeō, habēre 3rd way: Alo, alere 4th way: Audio, audire

*there are four conjugations in Latin…easier than English!

I have, to have I cook, to cook I move, to move I live, to live

Verb• Definition: activity or state of being

I runYou runHe runs

We ranYou All rantHey ran

I will runYou will runHe will run

Run!To Run—what is this??

What kind of words are… I, we, she, he, it, they…

Personal pronouns=signal which person does the action

Keep in mind… In Latin, like in Romance languages, you

don’t always need a stated subject or personal pronoun to accompany a verb:

“She loves” vs. amat

Amat: “he, she, or it loves”

Pronunciation A e I O U

Latin Pronunciation• Syllables can be SHORT or LONG depending on the presence of a

MACRON (hamburger hot doglong, short, short; long, long)

dās vs dat

• DIPHTHONGS --combinations of two vowels that make one sound--e.g. AE

• Vita vs. vitae –this will matter!!

ae- AIsleau- hOUseei- rEIgneu- hEU –(ALAS!)oe- OIl ui-mUY

HW: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=xCDPTbaRcPE http://english.clas.asu.edu/files/shared/

enged/VerbAgreement.pdf

Key Concepts January 15• Infinitive• Latin Personal endings• First conjugation

Principal Parts When you look a verb up in the

dictionary you get:

Infinitive• “To love” is the infinitive

• In Latin this is the SECOND PRINCIPAL PART

• Amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus, a um

• *vocabulary interlude!*

To say… “to love” Write: “amare”

“amatory” “amorous”etc.

CONJUGATION To conjugate a verb means to assign it person,

number, tense, mood, and voice: In English: I praise We praise

You praise You all praise He/she/it praise They praise

What signals person and number?

• Pronouns• Endings (have vs.

Haves)

Identifying a Conjugated verb in English

2nd. Person

Ya’ll went to class

Person (who is the subject?)

Number (singular or plural?) Plural

Tense (when did it take place—keep in mind Latin has 6!)

Present

Mood (indicative or subjunctive) Indicative

Voice (is the subject the doer?) Active

Personal Endings Instead of pronouns like ‘I’ and ‘you’, Latin relies

exclusively on ENDINGS To indicate the person LOOK TO YOUR ENDINGS!!!

1st Sg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” 2nd Sg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you

all” 3rd Sg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they”

• Tempus fugit • Cogitō ergo sum

Forming the present, indicative, active tense

1) Find your infinitive: e.g. laudo, laudāre, laudāvī, laudatus

2) Determine the verb’s stem by dropping the infinitive marker -“re” e.g. laudā-

3) Add the personal endings from the last slide

Conjugate laudāre

Now Conjugate: Vocō, Vocāre

1st Sg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” 2nd Sg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you

all” 3rd Sg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they”

1) Find your Latin Infinitive (second principal part of the verb) and determine the conjugation of the verb (-are =1st conjugation/-ēre=2nd conjugation)

e.g. laudare2) Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive marker -“re”

e.g. lauda-3) Add the personal endings from the last slide

First conjugation Any verb whose infinitive ends in “-are”

is the First conjugation

Key Concepts January 16• Second Conjugation• Imperative • Subject • Object• Adverb

Second Conjugation • Long ē conjugation

• N.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –nt ending, the long ē shortens to an e

Conjugate Salveō, salvēre 1st Sg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” 2nd Sg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you

all” 3rd Sg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they”

1) Find your Latin Infinitive (second principal part of the verb) and determine the conjugation of the verb (-are =1st conjugation/-ēre=2nd conjugation)

e.g. laudare2) Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive ker -“re”

e.g. lauda-3) Add the personal endings from the last slide

e.g. laudas in the second person singularN.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –nt ending, the long ē shortens to an e

Conjugation

Conjugate in present tense: Terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum

Imperative Mood

Imperative=commands—e.g. STUDY!!!

To form the singular command, use the stem

Laudāre laudā!Habēo habē!

Carpē diem! Salvē , Regina!

Imperative Mood

Imperative=commands—e.g. STUDY!!!

To form the plural command, use the stem +te

Laudāre laudāte!Habēo habēte!

Carpē diem! Salvē , Regina!

Object Carpē diem! –seize the day

What part of speech is “day”?

SubjectTempus fugit— “Time flies”

What part of speech is time?

Vocative!(from voco, vocare) Salvē Regina!

What part of speech is Regina???

Subject The dog runs

Object I like cats.

Subject We like to eat bbq.

Object We like to eat bbq.

Vocative! Hey ya’ll, what’s up?

What does it mean to “morph”? Morphology=the changing of

grammatical forms

Amo, amas, amat…

Syntax How the words fit together.

Caesar diem amat.

Break for Adverbs Slowslowly Always, never, sometimes Not ___