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INSTITUTE ST. MICHEL SECOND SEMESTER 2015/2016 JUNE 2016
08H25-11H10 SOCIAL STUDIES EXAM EMIM2 2F AND 2G MRS. OUROUMIS HAND IN YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE AT THE END OF THE EXAM
LAST NAME:
FIRST NAME:
CLASS:
Changes in an urban setting over time : Diest and Seraing
Diest is a city that has experienced significant development over the
centuries. In the 20th century, this development led to transformations of
the space that you will be able to highlight in the first part of the exam. In
the second part, you will be able to highlight a series of elements that
have contributed to the rich heritage of this city.
Population density in Belgium in 2010
Part 1
Diest's spatial disposition and changes in the organization of this space
I. Location of Diest and Seraing
1. On the map on the previous page, which numbers correspond to the
following cities:
Brussels: .............. Namur: .............. Ghent: .............. Charleroi: ..............
Liege: .............. Antwerp: .............. Arlon: ............ /7
2. On the map on the previous page, colour the boundary between the
Walloon and Flemish regions. /3
3. How far is Diest from Brussels and from Seraing? Show your
calculation (Approximately)
…………………………………………………………………………. /2
4. Complete the following table:
Administrative divisions
Diest Seraing
Province
Region
/4
5. Certain areas in Belgium are densely populated. The following (the
map on the previous page) map highlights three. Suggest a way to
name each of the three spaces.
1=________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2=________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3=________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ /3
II.
Spatial organisation - based on the observation of documents 1, 2 and 3
6. What is the name of the type of view and the angle of view used for
the DOC. 1? ........................................................................................ /2
7. What does the line (AXB) at the bottom of doc. 1 represent?
.................................................. ................................................................./1
8. Several types of spaces are identifiable. Name the spaces (environments
corresponding to the numbers on the doc 1.)
(1)............................................. ..................................................
(2) ..............................................................................................
(3)................................................................................................ /3
9. On doc. 1, the citadel of Diest is marked with an X. Give an (observable)
reason why the citadel was built at this location.
................................................................................................... ..... /1
10. The 3 documents allows you to observe the extension of the habitat
around the city.
a. What name do we give to this phenomenon?
........................................................................................................... /1
b. This extension is not done uniformly. The development is more important
in the SE (South –East) and in the SW (South-West) and less important in
the E (East).
- Give two elements that promote the development of housing South of the
city.
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________/2
Give an element that hinders (prevents) the development of housing to the
East of the city.
_________________________________________________________/1
III. Evolution of the occupation of space
- based on the observation of document 3 (The two views illustrate the
same portion of space near Diest)
11. Specify the orientation of these views in relation to the citadel.
.................................................. .................................................. .........../1
12. What is the distance between the motorway and the entrance to Diest
town center (R26 / N2 crossing)? .................................................. ............/1
13. Major changes are visible with regard to the occupation of space in the
production and residential functions.
a. Using the reference system (grid), identify a box where you observe a
growth in the residential function.
.................................................. ............................................................ /1
b. Using the reference system (grid), identify a box where you observe a
growth in the production function (industrial / commercial).
.................................................. ............................................................ /1
14. We observe the growth of the production function (industrial /
commercial) between 1979/1990 and 2013.
List two factors that favor the occupation of space for this function.
...............................................................................................................
....................................... ....................................................................... /2
15. If housing, industry and businesses take up more space, which sector
will see its space decrease?
.................................................. ........................................................... /1
16. The evolution of the occupation of the observable space on doc. 3
occurs almost everywhere in Belgium. Based on your knowledge, list three
factors from the 19th century and / or the 20th century which favored this
evolution
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................../3
Part two – Diest's time frame and changing lifestyles
I. Living conditions in different environments
1. The following texts highlight the fact that the living conditions of
workers are very bad in Flanders.
Flanders was an agricultural region. In 1847, almost 80% of the land was cultivated and 44% of the inhabitants were linked to the land. Potatoes and rye were the staple food. On average, farmers ate only 8 kg of meat per year (bacon and organs) and 325 kg of potatoes. The winter of 1844-45 was severe. Rapeseed is destroyed. Instead, they plant potatoes that cover a much larger area than usual. In July 1845 the first symptoms of the potato disease appeared: downy mildew (microscopic fungus that destroys the plant). In a few weeks, the scourge invades Belgium. Flanders is particularly affected since it was the main producer and consumer of potatoes. Over 90% of the crops are destroyed. The year 1846 was just as disastrous: downy mildew continues to destroy potatoes and rust, another microscopic fungus that attacks cereals, destroys half of this production. The number of poor already very important before the crisis, is growing sharply, hunger riots are raging. In 1846-1847, an epidemic of typhus spreads and in 1848-1849, cholera mows the poorest. The agricultural situation will improve towards the end of the century. According to Jacques Nagels, The economic situation of Flanders and the Flemish movement, in Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles, Vol. 45 - n ° 4 winter 2002, pp. 100-101.
Between 1840 and 1960, half a million Flemish people left for Wallonia in search of a better future. In 1947, there were 750,000 people of Flemish origin in Wallonia, many of whom worked in the coal mines. According to some sources, one in five Walloons has Flemish roots. If in the 19th century Flanders is poor, Wallonia is a paradise with its coal mines and its steel industry. http: // deredactie. be / cm / vrtnieuws.francais / magazine / 1.1565447
a. What industry can you identify in the first text?
............................................................................................................. /1
b. Give two elements which show that living conditions were bad in
Flanders in the 19th century. .................................................................
............................................................................................................... /2
c. The Flemish population reacts to these poor living conditions. Based
on the texts, name two reactions: ..........................................................
............................................................................................................. /2
3. Based on your knowledge, name the phenomenon that changed the
way of life in Seraing in the 19th century.
.............................................................................................................. /1
4. Child labor is no longer a reality in Belgium today. Based on your
knowledge, list two things that helped this change.
................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. /2
II
Population development in Diest and Seraing
The graph below illustrates two clearly different growths. They reflect the
evolution of lifestyles.
5. Indicate the approximate number of inhabitants in the following table:
Population 1835 1935
Diest
Seraing
/4
6. Based on the information provided in the texts on the previous pages
and on your knowledge, locate the stated events in time.
You can imitate the way in which industrialization and
deindustrialization were represented in Seraing.
/4
7. Write a sentence that highlights a link between the evolution of the
population of Diest and one of the events located above.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................/2
III. Diest historical heritage
8. On the timeline below:
a. Colour and limit the period corresponding to the Middle Ages.
/1
b. Which century marks the end of this period? Use Roman numerals.
............................................................................................................ /1
9. Based on your knowledge, list 3 characteristics of the medieval urban
environment.
- ..............................................................................................................
- ................................................................................................................
- .............................................................................................................. /3
10. Identify two characteristics of the medieval urban environment in the
documents in the documentary portfolio.
Observable characteristics Document number
/2
Observe documents 4, 5 and 7b and complete the following table:
Document used From the XIII century to the XVI century, trace of the past or later work?
Type of document
Doc 4
Doc 5
Doc 7B
/6
12.
From the documentary portfolio, information indicates which function in
the list is the original function and the current function of the monuments.
List of functions: residential, entertainment, commercial, military,
cultural, religious, administrative and health.
Monument Original function Current function Since..
Moat around the fortification (Douves)
Military Entertainment 1945
The Beguinage
The Covered Cloth Hall
Saint Elisabeth Hospital
Encorbelled house
/10
13.
Based on all of the answers, check the correct statements below:
o Diest is a Flemish city which has preserved its heritage, in
particular by assigning it new functions.
o Diest is a Flemish city which has had a rich industrial past,
which has enabled it to conserve its heritage.
o Diest experienced a serious agricultural crisis in the 19th
century, which contributed to the migration of part of its
population.
o Like most cities in Belgium, the ramparts around Diest were
demolished in the 19th century to make room for new
neighborhoods. /2
Glossary:
Beguine : woman, most often single or widowed, belonging to a
religious community, but without forming vows (movement which
appeared at the end of the 12th century).
Cholera: an acute intestinal infection caused by bacteria that can
cause life-threatening kidney failure.
Moat: ditches filled with water, surrounding castles or important
buildings.
Mildew and rust: microscopic fungi that destroy the plant.
Seaside resort: place of stay located by the sea or any other place
with baths and fitted out for the reception of holidaymakers.
Typhus: a disease transmitted by the louse, characterized by a
high fever and which can kill more than 6 out of 10 infected people.
Sources
Doc. 1 Opened Flanders - Aerial photo Vlanderen, GDI-Flanders,
http://www.geopunt.be.
Doc. 2 Opened Flanders - Flood risk zones . GDI-Flanders,
http://www.geopunt.be.
Doc. 3 Opened Flanders - Compare maps: aerial photo Vlanderen, winter
2013 - color / Aerial photo Vlanderen, GDI-Flanders, http://www.geopunt.be.
Doc. 4 Engraving representative "La ville de Diest en Brabant assiégée par
les Français", , 1577-1587, de BNF.fr.
Doc. 5 Opened Flanders - Protected monuments GDI-Flanders,
http://www.geopunt.be.
Doc. 6 Photographie de Céline Demoustier, December 2014.
Doc. 7a Photographie de Céline Demoustier, December 2014.
Doc. 7b The access to the information on the site of the Diest [and similar],
[consult December 5, 2014]. Available at http://www.diest.be/.
Doc. 8 The APRES: Memoirs of Courses of the Academy of Sciences and the
Commonwealth of Brussels ..., Tome 14, M. Hayet, Brussels, 1841, page 101.
Doc. 9 Photograph the Céline Demostier. Diest - Justice de paix. In: La Régie
des bâtiments, http://www.buildingsagency.be/realization
messages_fr.cfm?key=195.
The documents in the exam
Maps of Belgium, Belgian Committee of Geography, National Atlas of Belgium
- 3d edition ,Commission of the Atlas of Belgium, http://www.atlas-
belgique.be/.
Conditions de vie en Flandre - text 1 D’après Jacques Nagels, The Economic
Situation of the Flanders and the Movement Flamand, Dance of the Cahiers
Economics of Brussels, Vol. 45 - No. 4 Hiver 2002, pp.100-101.
Conditions de vie en Flandre - text 2 Vlamigrant: a flamboyant expo sur
l'immigration. In: FLANDRE
INFO.BE,http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.francais/magazine/1.1565447.
Conditions of Seraing - texts 1,2 Naissance and the industrialization
development. Center for Animation and Research and Workers History.
http://www.carhop.be/expos/Seraing/naissance.html.
Population evolution 1831- 2012 in municipalities, districts, provinces and
regions http: //www.npdata. be / BuG / 190-Population-municipality-1831-2012
/ Municipality-1831-2012.html.
Portfolio of documents
Document 1
Document 2
Document 3
Document 4 Engraving representing Diest
"The city of Diest in Brabant besieged by the French", publisher and author
unknown, 1577-1587, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/ btv1b84007400 /
f1.zoom.
Document 5
The medieval ramparts, present from the 14th century, are replaced by
new constructions (1837-1854) which are part of the protection of the
new Belgian territory: twelve bastions, six gates, a complete system of
moats and locks, the Fort Leopold and the citadel. The defense belt was
put out of service in 1896. In 1929, the city became the owner of most of
the ramparts and began demolition. After the Second World War, new
districts could be built outside the historic center of the city. Part of the
moat was transformed into a seaside resort in 1945, which in 1978
became the provincial recreation area "De Halve Maan".
Text recomposed from information from the city of Diest website.
Document 6 Document 7a The Beguinage of Diest
Document 7b
The Beguinage of Diest was founded in 1253 by Arnold IV, Lord of Diest. The entrance gives access to the houses which housed around 300 Beguines in the Middle Ages. Since 1928, they have left this place. A national law of 1931 protects the beguinages and a decree of 1995 for their restoration as a monument. Since December 2011, the former premises of the convent have become a cultural center.
Document 8 The covered market for cloth (hall)
The 14th century was the time when Belgium became the center of manufacture and trade of cloths. It was during this period […] that most of our cities built covered markets(halls,) vast warehouses of raw materials and products of Belgian manufactures. The great hall of Diest was built around 1316 […]. From: Mémoires crownées par l'Académie royale des sciences et belles lettres de Bruxelles ..., Tome 14, M. Hayet, Bruxelles, 1841, page 101. This building has become, since the 1980s, a village hall and an exhibition hall.
Document 9 Hospital Saint Elisabeth
Saint Elisabeth Hospital is one of the most remarkable buildings in the
city. It was erected in 1250. In 1982, hospital activities ended. The
buildings have been renovated. Since 2003, the Diest Justice of the
Peace and Courthouse has occupied them.
DIEST - Justice of the Peace, Régie des Bâtiments, Service release,
Brussels, June 2012.
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