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CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES IN CREATING ACCESSIBLE
POWER BI REPORTS
Meagan Longoria
May 5, 2018
About Me
Meagan Longoria
Microsoft Data Platform MVP
Solution Architect at BlueGranite
Blog: https://datasavvy.me
Twitter: @mmarie
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/meaganlongoria/
Most of us think about accessibility in data viz the wrong way
This report
design would be
GREAT if it
weren’t for the
users!
Art by Kendra Little
Change Your Mindset:Medical vs Social Model of Disability
Medical
Disability = Condition
Everyone needs a non-disabled body and
mind.
Change Your Mindset:Medical vs Social Model of Disability
Social
Disability = societal barriers
Society should change attitudes and
physical structures to accommodate
those with impairments.
Change Your Mindset:Medical vs Social Model of Disability
Medical
Disability = Condition
Social
Disability = societal barriers
Change Your Mindset: Universal Design
The design of products (websites, data visualizations) that are
accessible to, and usable by, as many people as reasonably possible
without the need for special adaptation or specialized design.
Benefits more than just disabled users
Does not expect that 100% universal solution
will be achieved
Change Your Mindset: Graceful Degradation vs Progressive Enhancement
Graceful Degradation
Build for the most advanced/able user. Allow other users to have a downgraded experience.
>
Progressive Enhancement
Build so that all users can perform baseline functions. Add extra functionality for more advanced/able users.
<
Accessibility and Usability Go Hand in Hand
Usability: effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which
specified users achieve specified goals
Accessibility: an attribute through which people with disabilities can
perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the application
Usability
Accessibility
A FIRST LOOK AT POWER BI
ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES
STANDARDS & COMPLIANCE
Accessibility Standards: WCAG 2.0Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
4 principles:
Perceivable
Operable
Understandable
Robust
Guidelines and sufficient techniques
Levels A, AA, and AAA
WCAG 2.0Sample of Relevant Guidelines
Text
Non-text content has a text alternative (A)
Text is used to convey information rather than images of text (AA)
The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio
of at least 4.5:1 (AA)
WCAG 2.0Sample of Relevant Guidelines
Non-Visual Communication
Color is not used as the only visual means of conveying information or
distinguishing a visual element. (A)
A mechanism is available to allow the purpose of each link to be
identified from link text alone (A)
WCAG 2.0Sample of Relevant Guidelines
Complexity
Components that have the same functionality within a set of web
pages are identified consistently (AA)
A mechanism is available for identifying specific definitions of words
or phrases used in an unusual or restricted way, including idioms and
jargon (AAA)
WCAG 2.0Sample of Relevant Guidelines
Interaction
All functionality of the content is
operable through a keyboard interface
without requiring specific timings for
individual keystrokes (A)
Accessibility Laws: Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
Requires access for both members of the public and federal employees to technologies when developed, procured, maintained, or used by federal agencies
Many state agencies adhere to 508 standards as well!
Accessibility Laws: Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
When compliance imposes an undue burden, agencies shall provide individuals with disabilities with the information and data involved by an alternative means of access
You can always make an Excel file/Word doc, but then you
have to maintain two versions.
Now aligns with WCAG standards!
Areas of Accessibility
VisualMotor CognitiveHearing
HearingAccommodates presbycusis, acoustic trauma, auditory processing disorder, and otosclerosis, etc.
Audio should not auto-play and should allow the user to easily start and stop it
Video should be captioned or have a transcript
Audio should have a transcript
Shortcuts:
Google Docs voice transcriptions (free, but can be hit or miss)
YouTube auto-captions (free, but can be hit or miss)
EXAMPLES OF VIDEO AND AUDIO IN POWER BI
CognitiveAccommodates Down’s syndrome, autism, dyslexia, dementia, etc.
These users need minimized distractions and simple, consistent user interfaces
Tips:
Use clear, easy to read typeface
Keep navigation elements consistent
Minimize/eliminate movement
Beware the Play Axis
Beware overly complicated graphs
Avoid unnecessarily complex language, jargon, or acronyms
EXAMPLES OF EXCESSIVE COGNITIVE
LOAD
MotorAccommodates RSI, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s, muscular dystrophy, etc.
These users may not use a mouse
Tips:
Make sure important information is keyboard accessible
Don’t place clickable elements too close together
Don’t rely on tooltips to convey key information
Beware of custom visuals that have moving elements
EXAMPLES OF A KEYBOARD UNFRIENDLY
REPORT
VisualAccommodates Color Vision Deficiency, Low Vision, Blindness
Important design attributes:
Size
Contrast
Color
Power BI features:
Alt text
Markers on line and area
charts
Chart titles
In-focus mode
Accessible Show Data table
Report themes
Keyboard shortcuts
Tips for Visual AccessibilityAccommodates Color Vision Impairment, Low Vision, Blindness
Don’t rely on color as the only indicator
Populate alt text for all non-decorative visuals
Avoid auto-playing video/audio
Beware the Play Axis
W3C recommends 18pt font or 14pt bold
Sans serif, wider stroke fonts are easiest to read
Pay attention to contrast between foreground and background
Testing Visual Accessibility
Keyboard Navigation
Mobile Device with Brightness on Low
Color Vision Deficiency
Coblis http://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/
Vischeck http://www.vischeck.com/vischeck/vischeckImage.php
Color Contrast
WebAIM https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/
Accessible Colors http://accessible-colors.com/
Blur Tool
– The Squint Test https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/the-squint-
test/gppnipfbappicilfniaimcnagbpfflpg
SCREEN READER FRIENDLY REPORT
Power BI Accessibility Issues As of March 2018
Interactivity, bookmarks, and links are not keyboard accessible
Tab Order
Alt text is static
Pages don’t have names when viewed via Publish to Web
The Big Question:
Given the limitations, when do you decide to create an alternate version? Are you really prepared to keep two versions up to date?
Accessibility Is Usability
Visual
Size
Contrast
Alt text
Chart Titles
Legible fonts
Cognitive
Clear, easy to read typeface
Consistent navigation elements
Minimize element movement
Avoid complex language or jargon
Avoid overly complicated graphs
Preattentive
Attributes
Affordances
Cognitive
Load
Accessibility Makes Business Sense
It’s expensive (and often unrealistic) to maintain two versions
It’s more expensive to retrofit
Many accessibility standards enhance basic usability, which
increases adoption
Parting Thought
What if we build with inclusiveness in mind and
someone with an impairment is able to do their
job because of that?
Resources For Further Learning
■ A simple introduction to web accessibility: https://www.creativebloq.com/netmag/simple-introduction-web-accessibility-7116888
■ The A11y Project – resources: https://a11yproject.com/resources
■ Section 508 standards: https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/communications-and-it/about-the-section-508-standards/section-508-standards
■ Accessibility on DataSavvy.Me: https://datasavvy.me/category/accessibility/
■ Improving screen reader accessibility in Power BI reports: https://www.blue-granite.com/blog/improving-screen-reader-accessibility-in-power-bi-reports
■ How to meet WCAG 2.0: https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/?showtechniques=121
■ Accessible Colors: http://accessible-colors.com/
■ Colors A11y Stats: http://clrs.cc/a11y/
■ Incl.ca archives (Nicolas Steenhout): https://incl.ca/archives/
■ Your Interactive Makes Me Sick: https://source.opennews.org/articles/motion-sick/
Meagan Longoria
@mmarie
DataSavvy.Me
Questions & Comments
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