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Thailand’s Low Carbon Growth
Strategies and Challenges
Chaiwat Muncharoen, D. Eng.
Deputy Executive Director
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization Public Organization)
Estimation of Thailand Emissions
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
1998 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year
CO
2-e E
miss
ions
(Mt)
Energy Industrial Process Solvent and Other Product Use Agriculture Land Use Change & Forestry Wastes GDP High Case GDP Low case
Total Emission (included LULUCF) = 229.08 Mt CO2 eq
CH4 (Mt)Eq,
58.83, 25.7%
N2O (Mt)Eq,
12.39, 5.4%
Net CO2,
157.86, 68.9%
• GHG emission in 2000
(Mt CO2 eq, %) - by sector
• GHG emission in 2000
(Mt CO2 eq, %) - by Gas Type
Waste, 9.32,
4.1%LULUCF,
-7.90, -3.4%Agriculture,
51.88, 22.6%
Industrial
processes,
16.39, 7.2%
Energy,
159.39, 69.6%
Emission in 2000 of Energy Sector (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'Energy Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Energy, 159.4
69.6%
1B2 Oil and natural
gas, 4.6, 2.9%
1B1 Solid fuels
0.7, 0.4%
1A4c
Agriculture/Forestry/F
ishing, 6.7, 4.2%
1A4b Residential,
5.6, 3.5%
1A3 Transport, 44.7,
28.0%
1A2
Manufacturing
industries &
construction, 30.8, 1A1 Energy
Industries,
66.4, 41.7%
Waste
9.3, 4.1%LULUCF,
- 7.9, - 3.4%
Agriculture
51.9, 22.6%
Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
Emission in 2000 of Industrial Process (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'Industrial Processes' (MtCO2eq, %)
Industrial Processes,
16.4, 7.2%
2C Metal production,
0.01, 0.0%
2B Chemical industry,
0.3, 2.0%
2A Mineral products,
16.0, 97.9%Waste, 9.3, 4.1%
LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4%
Agriculture,
51.9 22.6%
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
Emission in 2000 of Agriculture (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'Agriculture' (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Agriculture, 51.9,
22.6%
4F Field burning of
agricultural residues,
1.0, 1.9%
4D Agricultural soils,
7.8, 15.0%
4C Rice cultivation,
29.9, 57.5%
4B Manure
management, 5.1,
9.7%
4A Enteric
fermentation, 8.3,
15.9%
Waste, 9.3, 4.1%
LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4%
Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
Emission in 2000 of LULUCF (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'LULUCF' (Mt CO2 eq, %)
LULUCF,
- 7.9, - 3.4%
5C Abandonment
of managed lands,
- 39.02 MtCO2eq
5B Forest &
grassland conversion,
44.47 Mt CO2eq
5A Changes in forest
& other woody
biomass stocks,
- 13.35 Mt CO2eq
Waste, 9.3, 4.1%
Agriculture, 51.8,
22.6%Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Energy, 159.4,
69.6%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
Emission in 2000 of Waste Sector (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'Waste Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Waste, 9.3,
4.1%
6C Waste
incineration, 0.02,
0.2%
6B Waste-water
handling, 4.4, 47.5%
6A Solid waste
disposal on land,
4.9, 52.2%
LULUCF, - 7.9, - 3.4%
Agriculture, 51.9,
22.6%Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
National Emission in Time Series
2000 – 2004
Total GHG Emission (Mt CO2 eq)
with LULUCF / with F-gases
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Mt
CO
2 E
q
Energy
Industrial proc.
Agriculture
LULUCF
Waste
Total national emissions and removals
229.1 225.0 238.8
251.8265.9
389.2
Supply
ElectricityPolicies, measures,
capacity building,
Finance,
Technology
Contribution of Emission Reduction :PDP
2010 Scenario
Baseline emission 1,400 MtCO2
498
715
PDP 2010 emission
1,275 MtCO2
Climate Plan Scenario: mitigation option
Mitigation Option of GHG
Emission
Energy Non-
Energy
Power
Generation
Industrial sector
Transport sector
Commercial &
Residential
sector
1.T& D Losses
2. Renewable
3.PP Efficiency
4. Fuel Switching
5. Coal+CCS
• Eff. Boiler
• Eff. Furnace
• Biodiesel
• Gasohol
• Hybrid
• Eco-car
• Cooking Stove
• LPG Stove
• Standby Power
• Electric Kettle
• Fridge in Store
Mitigation Option of GHG Emission
Non-Energy
Industrial Process
Agriculture
Forestry &
LULUCF
Waste
• Clinker Substitution
• CCS
• BAT
• Livestock
• Rice Field
• Agricultural Soil
• Field Burning
• Forest conservation 2005
• Increase forest land to 40% in 2020
• Policy and Technology Mix for OD and LF
Climate Plan Scenario: mitigation option
Baseline emission 740 MtCO2
Climate Plan Scenario: Energy sector
309
204
Climate Plan Scenario:
Agriculture & Forestry Sector
Baseline emission 124 MtCO2
99.686
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Gg
CO2 Eq
uiva
lent
Inventory Year
Environmental Results: Global Worminng Potential
Combined Mitigation: Management (3Rs) with Technology
(Semi-aerobic Landfill + Organic Treatment + LFG Recovery )
BAU - GDP4%
Management 3Rs Implementation: 1kg/person-d + 30% Recycling
Organic Treatment (After 3Rs: 1kg/peron-d + 30% Recycling)
LFG Recovery (Aftter 3Rs + Organic Treatment)
Semi-aerobic Landfill (After 3Rs + Organic Treatment +LFG Utilzation)
Climate Plan Scenario: Waste Management Sector
1kg/person/day+30% Recycling
Organic Treatment
LFG Recovery
Semi aerobic
Baseline emission 35.1 MtCO2
21.6
18
Baseline emission 1400 MtCO2
Contribution of Emission Reduction:
BAU,PDP 2010 and Climate Plan Scenario
715
498
Crown Standard
• Crown Standard indicates high quality of Thai
CDM Projects.
• Value added for Thai CERs.
• Criteria:
– Total Score > 50%
– Public participation (level of participation)
– Public contribution (from CER income)
• The project will be annually monitored by TGO’s
monitoring network.
Information
• National Registry
• Monitoring System and Monitoring Network
• GHG database
• Business Intelligence Tools
• New TGO website
• National Grid Emission Factor
• Mitigation Policy
Energy
National Inventory and
Communication
IPPU
4D
1A3ai
AFOLU
3C
2B
IPPU
AFOLU
Waste
(Combustion, Fugitive GHG)
Industrial Processes & Produce Use
Cement, Petrochemical,
Refrigerant)
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land
Use
(Farm, Rice cultivation, Land
use)
(Landfill, Incineration,
Composting, Wastewater
treatment)
Promotion
• Carbon Market Forum
• Carbon Footprint and labeling
• Cool Mode
• Set up of Thailand Caron Fund
• Energy Efficiency Standard and Labeling
• Tax incentive and other measures
• Pilot project on Low carbon city
• Pilot project on A/R CDM
Capacity Building and Outreach
• Training for Thai DOE candidates
• Training for other stakeholders
• Climate Thailand Conference 2010
• Capacity Building of TGO and other
agencies by JICA
• Training material, media, news letter
Issues, Challenges and lessons
learned
• Knowledge and understanding on low
carbon strategies and initiatives
• Tool to analyze the impacts of measures
implemented
• Awareness, participation and
coordination of stakeholders
• Institutional framework and arrangement
• Financial support for implementing
activities
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization
(Public Organization)
9th floor, The Government Complex Building B
120 Moo 3 ChaengWattana Road,
Laksi, Bangkok 10210 THAILAND
Tel. +662 141 9804
Fax +662 143 8401
E-mail: info@tgo.or.th
chaiwat.m@tgo.or.th
URL: www.tgo.or.th
Contact Detail
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