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CHAPTER 10Nervous System
2
FUNCTION, ANATOMY, AND WORD PARTS OF
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. State the function of the nervous system and analyze associated
terms.
2. Write the meaning of word parts associated with the nervous system
and use them to build and analyze terms.
3. Distinguish between the structures of the central nervous system and
the peripheral nervous system and define the terms associated with
these structures.
Lesson 10.1
2
The nervous system
is the control center and communications network.
stimulates movement and senses changes both within and outside
the body.
provides us with thought, learning, and memory.
maintains homeostasis with the help of the hormonal system.
has sensory, integrative, and motor components.
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ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central nervous system (CNS) = brain + spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) = nerves that connect
the CNS to receptors, glands, and muscles
Types of cells = neurons + neuroglia
4
PNS:
SENSORY AND MOTOR COMPONENTS
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SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS Acetylcholine (Ach)
Acetylcholinesterase
Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphins
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Dendr(o) tree
Nerv(o), neur(o) nerve
Gli(o) neuroglia or
a sticky substance
WORD PARTS: NEURONS
Neuron
Neuron
DEEP TENDON REFLEX (DTR) 8
PROTECTION: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain: cranium
Spinal cord: vertebrae
Both: meninges (meninx) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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MENINGESBRAIN AND UPPER SPINAL CORD,
SAGITTAL SECTION
CORTICAL LOBES
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SPINAL CORD
WORD PARTS: CNS STRUCTURES
Cerebell(o) cerebellum
Cerebr(o), encephal(o) brain (cerebr(o) sometimes means
cerebrum)
Myel(o) spinal cord (sometimes, bone marrow)
Mening(i), mening(o) meninges
Arachn(o) spider or arachnoid membrane
NERVE DISTRIBUTION
11PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Afferent (sensory)
Efferent (motor)
Sense organs
Receptors = sensory nerve endings
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, PROCEDURES, AND
PATHOLOGIES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
4. Write the names of the diagnostic tests and procedures for
assessment of the nervous system when given their descriptions, or match the procedures with the descriptions.
5. Write the names of nervous system pathologies when given their
descriptions, or match the pathologies with their descriptions.
6. Write the names of psychologic disorders when given their
descriptions, or match the disorders with their descriptions.
Lesson 10.2
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
Deep tendon reflex (DTR)
Superficial reflex
CSF analysis
Plain x-ray imaging, CT, MRI
Echoencephalography
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Encephalography
Myelography
Brain scan
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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
Sleep studies
Sleep apnea
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GLASGOW COMA SCALE
Eyes open 1–4
1 is no opening
4 is eyes open spontaneously
Best verbal response 1–5
1 is no response
5 is oriented to time, place, and person
Best motor response 1–6
1 = no response
6 = obeys a command
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PATHOLOGIES
Dyslexia
Algesia, hyperalgesia, hypoalgesia
Paresthesia, pseudesthesia
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WORD PARTS: PATHOLOGY
Pseud(o) false
-asthenia weakness
-esthesia sensitivity to pain
-lexia words, phrases
-orexia hunger
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PATHOLOGIES
Neuralgia, polyneuralgia
Polyneuropathy, polyneuritis
Sciatica, peripheral neuropathy
Carpoptosis
Cephalalgia, cephalgia
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HEADACHES
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PATHOLOGIES: TRAUMA
Craniocerebral trauma
Concussion, contusion
Aphasia, dysphasia, dysarthria
Semiconsciousness, stupor, coma, semicoma
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SPINAL CORD INJURIES 22
TYPES OF STROKE23
HEMATOMA
PATHOLOGIES: PARALYSIS
Hemiplegia, diplegia, paraplegia
Quadriplegia, monoplegia
Bell palsy
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PATHOLOGIES:
CONGENITAL AND HEREDITARY DISORDERS
Meningocele,
meningomyelocele
Cerebral palsy
HUNTINGTON chorea
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PATHOLOGIES:
INFECTIONS OF THE CNS
Meningitis, encephalitis
Encephalomeningitis, encephalomyelitis
Cerebellitis
Ventriculitis
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PATHOLOGIES:
INFECTIONS FROM MICROORGANISMS
Tetanus
Botulism
Poliomyelitis
Rabies (hydrophobia)
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PATHOLOGIES:
BRAIN TUMORS & SEIZURES
Tumors: glioma, meningioma
Intracranial
Hydrocephalus
Neuroma
Convulsions
Epilepsy
Narcolepsy
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PATHOLOGIES: DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS Amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS)
Parkinson’s disease
Bradykinesia
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Myasthenia gravis
Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
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WORD PARTS: PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERS
Ment(o), psych(o) mind
Phren(o) mind or diaphragm
Pyr(o) fire
Schist(o), schiz(o) split
Idio- individual
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PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERS
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM)
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Intellectual
Communication
Attention deficit disorder (ADD)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Hyperkinesia, hyperkinesis
Autism
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PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERS
Formerly neurosis
Anxiety disorders
Psychobiological response
Panic disorder, panic attack
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Obsession, compulsion
Phobias: agoraphobia, zoophobia, phobophobia,
acrophobia, claustrophobia, pyrophobia,
arachnophobia
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PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERS
Trauma and stressor-related disorders
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Somatic symptom disorder (formerly somatoform
disorder)
Formerly included hypochondriasis
psychosomatic
Feeding and eating disorders
Bulimia
Anorexia nervosa
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PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERS
Mood disorders
Clinical depression
Bipolar disorder
Mania
“Mania” terms
Megalomania
Pyromania, pyromaniac
Kleptomania, pseudomania
Sexual disorders, paraphilia
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PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERS
Neurasthenia
Schizophrenia
Psychosis, psychotic disorder
Personality disorders
Antisocial behavior
Paranoia
Pseudoplegia
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36
SURGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS,
HEALTH CARE REPORTS, PHARMACEUTICS,
ABBREVIATIONS, AND REVIEW
7. Write the terms for surgical and therapeutic interventions for nervous system pathologies and psychological disorders when given descriptions, or match the interventions with their descriptions.
8. Build terms from word parts to label illustrations.
9. Use word parts from this chapter to determine the meanings of terms in a health care report.
10. Spell the terms accurately.
11. Pronounce the terms correctly.
12. Recognize or use abbreviations presented in this chapter.
13. Categorize terms as anatomy, a diagnostic test or procedure, pathology, surgery, or nonsurgical therapy.
14. Recognize the meanings of general pharmacology terms used in this chapter as well as the drug classes and their uses.
Lesson 10.3
36
SURGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS
Epidural anesthesia
Nerve block anesthesia
Sympathectomy, vagotomy
Neurotripsy, neurolysis, neurectomy
Neuroplasty, neurorrhaphy
Cerebrotomy, craniotomy, craniectomy
TENS
Aneurysmectomy
Cranioplasty, burr hole
Stereotaxis, stereotactic surgery
Stereotactic radiosurgery, gamma knife Procedure
Shunt
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GAMMA KNIFE TREATMENT
WITH STEREOTAXIS
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VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT
SURGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS
Hypnotics
Anticonvulsants
Antiparkinsonian drugs
Contraindication
Thrombolytics
Psychoanalysis, psychotherapy
Psychopharmacology
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PHARMACEUTICS
Analgesics (narcotic and nonnarcotic)
Antialcoholics
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressants
Antimigraine drugs
Antiparkinsonian agents
Antipsychotics/neuroleptics
Anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Mood stabilizers
Stimulants
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ABBREVIATIONS
ACh
CNS
CSF
DT
DTR
DSM
EEG
TENS
LBP
PNS
CVA
ICP
SCI
TIA
ADD
ADHD
ALS
MS
OCD
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