Ch1.1

1.1The Nature of Science

What is Science?

A means of explaining &

understanding the natural world

Using facts, laws & theories

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

•1

1.1

What is Science?

A means of explaining &

understanding the natural world

Using facts, laws & theories

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

•1

1.1

What we observe

What is Science?

A means of explaining &

understanding the natural world

Using facts, laws & theories

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

•1

1.1

What we observe

Statement of what happened

What is Science?

A means of explaining &

understanding the natural world

Using facts, laws & theories

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

•1

1.1

What we observe

Statement of what happened

Explanation of observations or Laws

Observations & Facts / Laws / Hypothesis & Theories

€

Fg =M1M2

d2

Observations & Facts / Laws / Hypothesis & Theories

€

Fg =M1M2

d2

Observations & Facts / Laws / Hypothesis & Theories

€

Fg =M1M2

d2

Observations & Facts / Laws / Hypothesis & Theories

Sir Isaac Newton’s Law of Gravity

Observed all objects in universe exerting gravitational force on each other

Force between objects increases as MASS increases Force between objects decreases as DISTANCE b/w incr.

€

Fg =M1M2

d2

Observations & Facts / Laws / Hypothesis & Theories

Sir Isaac Newton’s Law of Gravity

Observed all objects in universe exerting gravitational force on each other

Force between objects increases as MASS increases Force between objects decreases as DISTANCE b/w incr.

Hypothesis Theory

€

Fg =M1M2

d2

Observations & Facts / Laws / Hypothesis & Theories

Sir Isaac Newton’s Law of Gravity

Observed all objects in universe exerting gravitational force on each other

Force between objects increases as MASS increases Force between objects decreases as DISTANCE b/w incr.

Hypothesis widely accepted by science Theory

community after testing

€

Fg =M1M2

d2

Types of Scientific Knowledge

Types of Scientific Knowledge

Empirical Indigenous

Knowledge Knowledge (IK)

or

Traditional Ecological Knowledge & Wisdom (TEKW)

Types of Scientific Knowledge

Empirical Indigenous

Knowledge Knowledge (IK)

or

Traditional Ecological Knowledge & Wisdom (TEKW)

Through careful

observation &

experimentation

Through experience with environment &

resulting observations

Nature of Scientific Knowledge

T R P

Nature of Scientific Knowledge

Tentative ReliableProgressive

Nature of Scientific Knowledge

Tentative ReliableProgressive

Changes!

Laws aren’t proven

true… can’t test all

situations

Nature of Scientific Knowledge

Tentative ReliableProgressive

Changes!

Laws aren’t proven

true… can’t test all

situations

Valid when

supported by a

vast number of

observations

Nature of Scientific Knowledge

Tentative ReliableProgressive

Changes!

Laws aren’t proven

true… can’t test all

situations

Valid when

supported by a

vast number of

observations

Builds & Develops as

new observations

made, new findings

emerge

Misunderstandings

about

science

Misunderstandings

about

science

All scientists follow

scientific method

no 1 method

are methodical

Misunderstandings

about

science

All scientists follow

scientific method

no 1 method

are methodical

Science = Experimentation

sometimes

only observations at times

Misunderstandings

about

science

All scientists follow

scientific method

no 1 method

are methodical

Science = Experimentation

sometimes

only observations at times

Investigations = proof

only real proof, is

to disprove

Misunderstandings

about

science

All scientists follow

scientific method

no 1 method

are methodical

Science = Experimentation

sometimes

only observations at times

Investigations = proof

only real proof, is

to disprove

Science can answer all questions

moral ethical, social questions can’t be

solved by science

Misunderstandings

about

science

All scientists follow

scientific method

no 1 method

are methodical

Science = Experimentation

sometimes

only observations at times

Investigations = proof

only real proof, is

to disprove

Science isn’t very

successful

not perfect, but a

great deal of

success

always room for

more discoveries!Science can answer all questions

moral ethical, social questions can’t be

solved by science

WHAT ISN’T SCIENCE?

WHAT ISN’T SCIENCE?

Creationism

WHAT ISN’T SCIENCE?

Creationism

Pseudoscience

(false science)

WHAT ISN’T SCIENCE?

Creationism

Pseudoscience

(false science)

Hoaxes

&

Frauds

WHAT ISN’T SCIENCE?

Creationism

Pseudoscience

(false science)

Hoaxes

&

FraudsUrban legend

WHAT ISN’T SCIENCE?

Creationism

Pseudoscience

(false science)

Faulty

Science

bias

Hoaxes

&

FraudsUrban legend

Is Science = Technology?

Is Science = Technology?

Closely related: often advance together

lens, spotting scope, telescope & Galileo

new inventions often lead to new discoveries

laser invented prior to having a use for it

Is Science = Technology?

Closely related: often advance together

lens, spotting scope, telescope & Galileo

new inventions often lead to new discoveries

laser invented prior to having a use for it

A mutually beneficial relationship

Science & Ethics

• Golden Rule: Do unto others

Science & Ethics

• Golden Rule: Do unto others

• Guiding Principles:

Science & Ethics

• Golden Rule: Do unto others

• Guiding Principles:– Scientific Honesty

Science & Ethics

• Golden Rule: Do unto others

• Guiding Principles:– Scientific Honesty– Carefulness

Science & Ethics

• Golden Rule: Do unto others

• Guiding Principles:– Scientific Honesty– Carefulness– Intellectual Freedom

Science & Ethics

• Golden Rule: Do unto others

• Guiding Principles:– Scientific Honesty– Carefulness– Intellectual Freedom– Openness

Science & Ethics

• Golden Rule: Do unto others

• Guiding Principles:– Scientific Honesty– Carefulness– Intellectual Freedom– Openness– Credit given appropriately

Science & Ethics

• Golden Rule: Do unto others

• Guiding Principles:– Scientific Honesty– Carefulness– Intellectual Freedom– Openness– Credit given appropriately– Public Responsibility

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry1.1

VOCABULARY

observations

inference

empirical knowledge

Indigenous Knowledge (IK)

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom (TEKW)

law

theory

hypothesis

scientific method

bias

discoveries

invention