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Ch. 20 Elbow and Forearm. Objectives. Define the major landmarks of the elbow List major injuries and conditions of the elbow. Anatomy. Hinge joint 3 major bones Humerus Radius-on thumb side of forearm Ulna-on pinky side of forearm Ulna is hooked on the end of the humerus - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ch. 20 Elbow and Forearm
Objectives• Define the major landmarks of the elbow• List major injuries and conditions of the elbow
Anatomy• Hinge joint• 3 major bones
o Humeruso Radius-on thumb side of forearmo Ulna-on pinky side of forearm
• Ulna is hooked on the end of the humerus• Radius rests next to humerus therefore allowing
supination and pronation
Ligaments• Ulnar Collateral-on the medial side • Radial Collateral-on the lateral side• Annular-encircles the head of the
radius • Interosseous Membrane-connects the
radius to the ulna
Muscles• Flexors
oBrachialis-major flexoroBiceps Brachii-also supinates handoBrachioradialis
• Extensorso Triceps BrachiioAnconeus
Muscles
Contusion• Vulnerable area due to
lack of padding• Result of direct blow
or fall• S/S: swelling and/or
bruising• Treatment: RICE, x-ray
if not improving
Olecranon Bursitis• Caused by direct blow
or fall• S/S: swelling, pain• Treatment: RICE, can
be aspirated by doctor• Easily infected due to
abrasions on elbow
Ulnar Nerve Contusion
• Hitting your funny bone
• The ulnar nerve runs behind the medial epicondyle
• Caused by a direct blow
• S/S: pain, burning and tingling sensation down medial side of forearm
• Should alleviate in mins
Elbow Sprains• MOI: hyperextension or
valgus/varus stress• S/S: ‘pop’, sharp pain,
swelling• Ulnar collateral sprains
are more common due to throwing mechanics
• Treatment: RICE, strengthen wrist flexor or extensors, surgery if ruptured
Medial Epicondylitis• Golfer’s Elbow• Little League Elbow• Irritation of the wrist
flexors causing pain at the medial epicondyle
• Treat with RICE, NSAIDs, change in mechanics
Lateral Epicondylitis• Tennis Elbow• Inflammation of the
wrist extensors causing pain at the lateral epicondyle
• Same treatment as medial epicondylitis
Elbow Dislocation • Most common is
posterior dislocation• MOI: falling on
outstretched hand• Obvious deformity• Splint, stabilize, check
circulation, check motor and sensory function
• Refer to doctor
Elbow Fracture• Direct blow or falling
on arm• Common in children• S/S: Point tenderness,
swelling, increase pain with movement
• Refer to doctor for x-rays
Volkmann’s Contracture
• Occurs in the absence of blood flow to the forearm
• Causes muscles to shorten
• Usually associated with elbow fractures, bleeding disorders, animal bites
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