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CellularCommunication
Hormones & Nerves
• Title
• Date
• U3-11
Nerves
• Fast signals
• Don’t last
• Target’s a specific area
cerebrum
cerebellum
spinal cord cervicalnerves
thoracicnerves
lumbarnerves
femoral nerve
sciatic nerve
tibialnerve
A Nerve Cell - Neuron
dendrites
cell body
axon
synapse
• Neuron – a nerve cell
signal direction
signaldirection
Synapse
Synapse
Junction between nerve cells– 1st cell releases chemical to trigger
next cell (can be any cell)– this is where drugs affect nervous
system
Regulation by chemical messengers
axon
target cell
• Neurotransmitters released by neurons
receptor proteins
neurotransmitter
Hormones• Slow signals
• Last long term
• Target’s the whole organism
liver
pancreas
liver
Regulation of Blood Sugar
blood sugar level(90mg/100ml)
insulin
body cells takeup sugar
from blood
liver storessugar
reducesappetite
glucagon
pancreas
liver releases
sugartriggershunger
high
low
FeedbackHormone Control
Reproductive Hormones
• Testosterone– from testes– sperm production &
secondary sexual characteristics
• Estrogen– from ovaries– egg production,
preparing uterus for fertilized egg & secondary sexual characteristics
Reproductive Hormones
• Large scale body changes– how do they work
• turn genes on• Make new
proteins
Regulation by chemical messengers
endocrine gland
receptor proteins
target cell
• Hormones released by cells
hormone carried by blood
How do we get different cells with different proteins within the body if they all have the
same DNA?
How do we get different cells with different proteins within the body if they all have the
same DNA?
Cell Specialization
• Cells get a chemical message from the environment or another cell.
• Receptor proteins pick it up.
• Turns genes on or off.• This causes stem
cells to differentiate.
Specialized Cells
• Visit the stations.
• Read the information.
• Look at the pictures and microscopes
• Fill in everything on both sheets.
• You may need the text book for some answers.
• They are due at the end of the class.
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