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Cell Structure & Function
Outcome addressed today!!
• 304-4 illustrate and explain that the cell is a living system that exhibits all of the characteristic of life.
Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
1) Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
2) All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
WHAT IS AN ORGANISM?
• a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
• An individual living system, such as animal, plant or micro-organism, that is capable of reproduction, growth and maintenance.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
Plant Animal
“Typical” Animal Cell
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement of materials in and out of the cell
• Double layer
Cell Wall
• Found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports cells (outer layer)
• Protects against water loss
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Near the center of the cell
• Contains genetic material - DNA
Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus• Made of two layers• Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
Chromosomes
• In nucleus• Contain genetic
information (characteristics)
• Made of DNA
Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build
proteins
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Holds all the organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials and
messages around the cell• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in surface
Ribosomes 803
• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins• Found on rough
endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell
Mitochondria
• Produces energy (power house of the cell)
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Golgi Bodies 802
• Protein 'packaging plant‘ and secretes (gets rid of waste)
• Move materials out of the cell
Lysosome• Contains digestive
enzymes • Transports undigested
material to cell membrane for removal
• Destorys bacteria and old cell parts
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage of water and waste
• Help plants maintain shape
Chloroplast
• Found in plant cells• Contains green
chlorophyll• Traps suns energy
and makes food
Cell Parts and FunctionsCiliaShort hair-like projections Used for movementLocation: outside of cell
FlagellaLong whip-like tailUsed for movementLocation: outside of cell
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