Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit of structure in all living things.

Cell Theory

• All living things are made of cells. • All cells come from preexisting cells

through cell division.

Examples of Cells

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria

Cell Organization

Cell Tissue Organ (heart)

Cell Organization (continued)Organ system Organism

(circulatory system) (Human)

Two Types of Cells

•Prokaryotic•Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells

• No membrane-bound organelles/structures

• Do not have a true nucleus

• One-celled organisms, Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Cells• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Has a nucleus• Most living organisms

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Cell Parts

AKA Organelles

Inside the Cell

Nucleus

• Directs cell activities• Contains genetic material –

Chromosomes/DNA

Nucleolus

• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build

proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm

• Gel-like mixture in the cell

Mitochondria

• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbs

• “Powerhouse” of the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Surrounding the Cell:Cell Membrane

• Allows movement in and out of the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Membrane Cont.

• Passive Transport:– Requires NO energy

– Diffusion: substance move through the membrane

– Osmosis: movement of water from HIGH LOW concentration

• Active Transport:– Requires energy

– Moves from LOW HIGH concentration (that’s why it takes energy!)

Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around

in cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes

• Make proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles

• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Surrounding the Cell:Cell Wall

Found in plant cells/bacteria

• Shapes, supports & protects cells

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

ChloroplastFound only in plant cells

*Green Chlorophyll=

Makes plant food/ photosynthesis

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies

• Moves Protein within/out of the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

LysosomeFound mainly in animal cells

• Digestive functions for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

“Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Cellular Rap

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8