Cell Structure and Function Biology 103. I. The Development of the Cell Theory 1. Robert Hooke...

Cell Structure and FunctionBiology 103

I. The Development of the Cell Theory 1. Robert Hooke (1665) - observed cork

2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673) saw microscopic life - blood cells, single cell organisms

3. Mathias Schleiden, Botanist & Theodor Schwann, Zoologist, (1839) published their cell theory …"The cells are organisms, and animals as well as plants are aggregates of these organisms arranged in accordance with definite laws."

4. Rudolph Virchow (1858) "omnis cellula e cellula" --all cells come from cells

II. Cell History1.The first cells were prokaryotic (= “before nucleus”) cells that appeared on the earth about 3.5 to 4.0 BYA.

2. More complex eukaryotic (=“true nucleus”) cells appeared about 1.5 BYA.

| euykaryotes | oxygen | first cells | formation of earth

5 4 3 2 1 0Billions of Years Ago

III. Eukaryotic Cell Structure

1. Cell membrane: surrounds cell, controls the movement of substances in and out, structure:

phospholipid bilayer with protein carrier proteins and receptors embedded (a fluid mosaic)

2. Nucleus: information storage: DNA synthesis, surrounded by nuclear envelope. May contain a nucleolus - indicates active protein synthesis

3. The Cytoplasm is everything in the cell except the nucleus,

4. Mitochondrion (plural = Mitochondria) converts carbohydrates into ATP (high energy molecules) Maternal origin, two compartments

The cell membrane surrounds the cell

The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane

DNA is stored as chromatin• When not dividing, the nucleus is filled with threads

of chromatin– Chromosomes condense before cellular division

Nuclear Envelop surrounds the chromatin

The nuclear envelop is a double-walled membrane studded with nuclear pores

Most DNA is inside the nucleus

Large Molecules leave the nucleus through nuclear pores

The information in the nuclear DNA is copied to mRNA (messenger RNA). mRNA leaves the nucleus via nuclear pores

Once in the cytoplasm mRNA is used to direct protein synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Mitpchondria make most of the ATP in the body

5. Special Mention: Chloroplasts chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis. Why are chloroplasts important? 6. Ribosomes: help make proteins during RNA translation, made of protein and RNA - give rough ER its appearance

7. Endoplasmic reticulum (two types): smooth - lipid synthesis rough - protein sorting processing

ER and membrane cycling

8. Golgi Apparatus: Packages and sorts proteins from rough ER for export from cell or to other cell compartments

9. Lysosomes and Peroxisomes: contain digestive enzymes

10. Cilia and Flagella: create movement

11. Centrioles: organize Cilia and Flagella

12.Cytoskeleton: supports cell: a),microtubules; b) microfilaments; and c) intermediate fibers

13. Plants have a cell wall, animal cells do not. Cell walls resist osmotic forces.

IV. Cell Junctions

1. Tight junctions 2. Gap junctions 3. Desmosomes

V. Transport functions

1. Diffusion2. Facilitated Diffusion3. Osmosis4. Active Transport: requires ATP5. Vesicular Transport: Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Diffusion equalizes solute concentrations

• Molecules diffuse down their concentration gradient from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Facilitated diffusion allows water soluble molecules to cross the

membrane with transport proteins that use no energy

Osmosis: movement of water

• Hypotonic solutions – Cells swell

• Hypertonic solutions– cells shrink

• Isotonic solutions– cells neither shrink nor

Active transport takes ATP

Endocytosis (two types)

a. Pinocytosis (cell drinking)

b. Phagocytosis (cell eating)

Exocytosis Removes products from the

VI. Surface to Volume Ratio

Cell Structure and Function Biology 103. I. The Development of the Cell Theory 1. Robert Hooke...

Documents

Chapter 7 Review Discovery of the Cell. Who is credited for using a microscope to look at cork and first used the word “cell”? 1.Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van

September 7th is Van Leeuwenhoek Day. · Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632−1723) was a draper (cloth salesman) ... Leeuwenhoek described.' by Wim van Egmond, the Netherlands in collaboration

The Keeling Lab: Van Leeuwenhoek Microscope

The cell - Weeblytgesicsebiology.weebly.com/.../0/8/0/9080078/1._the_cell.pdfthe living substance present inside the cell. Leeuwenhoek Microscope Compound microscope TGES/ICSE BIOLOGY/GRADE-09

The French From 1673

A View of the Cell Cell Structure & Function. Discovering the Cell Robert Hooke – used a microscope to study cork coined the term “cell” Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Goal #1: Cell Theory. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Dutch fabric merchant. Amateur Scientist. Made the first microscope. 1600’s

Ch 6: Cells. History of Cytology 1665 – Robert Hooke Viewed cork Named “cells” 1673 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek Unicellular pond organisms – named “animalcules”

Cells and Cell Organelles. History Anton Van Leeuwenhoek The microscope was invented by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch biologist in the early 1600’s

Antoni van leeuwenhoek 5kwe

Cell Structure and Function Anton van Leeuwenhoek The “father” of microscopy. Invented the first practical light microscopes

Biology I Chapter 4...Biology I Chapter 3 CELLS Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke 1665 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1673 Cell Theory All living things are composed of one or more cells Cells

Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Father of the microscope - 1600s used lens technology fabric quality telescope same time

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - Ms. Porter's 7th Grade …portersciencerosepark.weebly.com/.../antonievanleeuwenhoekreading… · Name: _ Date: _ Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,

THE CELL: Seeing is Believing! · Anton van Leeuwenhoek ... Published a book: Micrographia Viewed cork cells through the first microscope . Anton van Leeuwenhoek 9 years later 1674

Cell Structure & Function. Life is Cellular A little history… 1600s: van Leeuwenhoek used microscope to study nature 1665: Hooke used microscope

The Rotifera of Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Lecture 1 The Principles of Microscopy - · PDF fileLecture 1 The Principles of Microscopy ... •In 1673, Leeuwenhoek began writing letters to the Royal Society of London - published