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Cell Cycle

Cell Life Cycle• Just like the life cycle of plants and animals, cells

have a life cycle.

Cell Division• The goal of the cell life cycle is to create more

identical cells.• In humans, a cell with 46 chromosomes will divide

into two daughter cells, both with 46 chromosomes.

4 Phase Life Cycle

Normal Cell Life1. G1 (gap 1)

Cell Division2. S (synthesis) 3. G2 (gap 2) 4. M (mitosis)

G1 Phase• The cell grows larger in

size = increases its surface to volume ratio

• This phase is normal cell life.

S Phase• DNA is synthesized,

meaning DNA is copied.

• Cell performs DNA replication.

G2 Phase• Cell prepares to

mitosis.• Cell duplicates

organelles.

Question• What phase comes next?

M Phase• M phase = Mitosis• Mitosis is all about cell

division.

Question• What are the names of the phases in mitosis?

Mitosis• Mitosis is made up of four stages and then the cell divides.

1. Prophase2. Metaphase3. Anaphase4. Telophase5. Cytokinesis = cell divides

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Control System

• The cell cycle is regulated by 3 checkpoints.

• A checkpoint is when the cell cycle stops until go-ahead signal molecules are present.

Checkpoint 1

• The 1st checkpoint is called the restriction point and it determines if the cell will divide.

1. Restriction Point

Checkpoints 2 & 3

• The other two checkpoints makes sure cell division is functioning properly.

2. G23. Metaphase

Question• Do all of the cells in your body divide?

Differentiated Cells• Most of the cells in your body do NOT divide.

• Differentiated cells are specialized cells.

Specialized Cells

• A cell will become specialized during the G1 phase of the life cycle.

• Once a cell has become specialized, it will enter G0 and the specialized cell will NOT divide.

G0• In order for a cell to pass

the restriction point, it will need the right signal molecules.

• If the signal molecules are NOT present, the cell will enter G0.

• G0 is a nondividing state of the cell cycle.

Question• If most cells don’t divide, which cell do?

Stem Cells

• Stem cells and their intermediate cells are the cells that divide.

• Once the intermediate cells have become completely differentiated, that cell will enter G0.

Question• Draw the cycle circle with the name of the 5 cell

cycle phases.• Draw in the the 3 checkpoints and properly label

each checkpoint.

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